Federated Semi-Supervised Graph Neural Networks with Prototype-Guided Pseudo-Labeling for Privacy-Preserving Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction
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2026
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| author | Daniela, G. Victor Reddya, A. Mallikarjuna Addankia, Uday Kumar Gogua, Sridhar Reddy Ramakuria, Sravanth Kumar |
| author_facet | Daniela, G. Victor Reddya, A. Mallikarjuna Addankia, Uday Kumar Gogua, Sridhar Reddy Ramakuria, Sravanth Kumar |
| contents | Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a high-prevalence pregnancy complication that requires accurate early risk stratification to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. However, real-world clinical deployment of machine learning is hindered by two coupled constraints: (i) label scarcity, where a large fraction of electronic health records (EHR) lack confirmed diagnostic labels, and (ii) data privacy, which prevents sharing patient-level data across hospitals. This paper proposes FedTGNN-SS, a privacy-preserving federated semi-supervised framework for clinical tabular EHR. Each hospital builds a local k-nearest-neighbor patient similarity graph and trains a topology-adaptive GNN encoder. To robustly exploit unlabeled records, FedTGNN-SS combines (1) prototype-guided pseudo-labeling with neighborhood agreement, (2) adaptive graph refinement that periodically updates the k-NN graph using learned embeddings, (3) clinical-aware consistency augmentation applied only to continuous variables, and (4) privacy-safe prototype sharing that exchanges only class-level centroids. Across three diabetes-related datasets (GDM: N = 3,525; Pima: N = 768; Early Stage: N = 520) under 10\%-80\% missing labels per silo, FedTGNN-SS achieves 56 significant wins ($p < 0.05$) against 11 federated baselines and attains strong AUROC under extreme scarcity (Pima: 0.8037 at 80\% missing, Early Stage: 0.9634 at 80\% missing). |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_01810 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Federated Semi-Supervised Graph Neural Networks with Prototype-Guided Pseudo-Labeling for Privacy-Preserving Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction Daniela, G. Victor Reddya, A. Mallikarjuna Addankia, Uday Kumar Gogua, Sridhar Reddy Ramakuria, Sravanth Kumar Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a high-prevalence pregnancy complication that requires accurate early risk stratification to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity. However, real-world clinical deployment of machine learning is hindered by two coupled constraints: (i) label scarcity, where a large fraction of electronic health records (EHR) lack confirmed diagnostic labels, and (ii) data privacy, which prevents sharing patient-level data across hospitals. This paper proposes FedTGNN-SS, a privacy-preserving federated semi-supervised framework for clinical tabular EHR. Each hospital builds a local k-nearest-neighbor patient similarity graph and trains a topology-adaptive GNN encoder. To robustly exploit unlabeled records, FedTGNN-SS combines (1) prototype-guided pseudo-labeling with neighborhood agreement, (2) adaptive graph refinement that periodically updates the k-NN graph using learned embeddings, (3) clinical-aware consistency augmentation applied only to continuous variables, and (4) privacy-safe prototype sharing that exchanges only class-level centroids. Across three diabetes-related datasets (GDM: N = 3,525; Pima: N = 768; Early Stage: N = 520) under 10\%-80\% missing labels per silo, FedTGNN-SS achieves 56 significant wins ($p < 0.05$) against 11 federated baselines and attains strong AUROC under extreme scarcity (Pima: 0.8037 at 80\% missing, Early Stage: 0.9634 at 80\% missing). |
| title | Federated Semi-Supervised Graph Neural Networks with Prototype-Guided Pseudo-Labeling for Privacy-Preserving Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prediction |
| topic | Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.01810 |