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Main Authors: Garbe, Frederik, Wei, Fan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02314
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author Garbe, Frederik
Wei, Fan
author_facet Garbe, Frederik
Wei, Fan
contents A well-known fact in linear algebra is that $A^T A$ is always positive semi-definite for any real matrix $A$. We consider a generalization of this fact via the following decision problem. Given a symbolic product of length $k$, consisting of $\ell$ variables and their transposes, such as $ABB^TCA^T$, does there exist an $n\in\mathbb N$ and an assignment of matrices from $\mathbb R^{n\times n}$ such that the resulting matrix product has a negative eigenvalue? We show that this problem is decidable and provide a simple characterization of those symbolic products that have only non-negative real eigenvalues for any assignment of matrices. This characterization can also be understood as a matrix analogue of the positive graph conjecture by Camarena, Csóka, Hubai, Lippner, and Lovász, and the proof relies on this surprising connection to graph theory.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_02314
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A characterization for positive semi-definite matrix products
Garbe, Frederik
Wei, Fan
Combinatorics
Spectral Theory
05C35, 15A45, 05C50
A well-known fact in linear algebra is that $A^T A$ is always positive semi-definite for any real matrix $A$. We consider a generalization of this fact via the following decision problem. Given a symbolic product of length $k$, consisting of $\ell$ variables and their transposes, such as $ABB^TCA^T$, does there exist an $n\in\mathbb N$ and an assignment of matrices from $\mathbb R^{n\times n}$ such that the resulting matrix product has a negative eigenvalue? We show that this problem is decidable and provide a simple characterization of those symbolic products that have only non-negative real eigenvalues for any assignment of matrices. This characterization can also be understood as a matrix analogue of the positive graph conjecture by Camarena, Csóka, Hubai, Lippner, and Lovász, and the proof relies on this surprising connection to graph theory.
title A characterization for positive semi-definite matrix products
topic Combinatorics
Spectral Theory
05C35, 15A45, 05C50
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02314