Unfair by design: eBPF-based scheduling of mixed database workloads

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Bilodeau-Savaria, Carl-Elliott, Nidzwetzki, Jan Kristof, Scherzinger, Stefanie, Kemme, Bettina
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Bilodeau-Savaria, Carl-Elliott
Nidzwetzki, Jan Kristof
Scherzinger, Stefanie
Kemme, Bettina
author_facet Bilodeau-Savaria, Carl-Elliott
Nidzwetzki, Jan Kristof
Scherzinger, Stefanie
Kemme, Bettina
contents Modern database systems increasingly co-schedule time-sensitive and background tasks. In such mixed workloads, background tasks should ideally utilize only spare CPU capacity without interfering with latency-critical requests. While some database-level solutions address this challenge, many database systems still rely on operating system (OS) schedulers, which, despite supporting priorities, do not reliably isolate high-priority tasks. Furthermore, they remain vulnerable to priority inversion, where preempted background tasks can delay other work. We present UFS, a selectively unfair scheduler implemented as an eBPF-based sched_ext scheduler in the Linux kernel. UFS restricts background tasks to idle CPU capacity and preempts them immediately when time-sensitive tasks arrive. To address priority inversion, UFS incorporates application-level hints via eBPF maps, ensuring that background tasks are not unnecessarily delayed should time-sensitive tasks wait for them to release locks. Our integration of UFS into PostgreSQL demonstrates that, under mixed workloads, UFS improves throughput for time-sensitive tasks by up to 2X, while reducing tail latency by half, compared to existing scheduling options in Linux.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_02377
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Unfair by design: eBPF-based scheduling of mixed database workloads
Bilodeau-Savaria, Carl-Elliott
Nidzwetzki, Jan Kristof
Scherzinger, Stefanie
Kemme, Bettina
Databases
Modern database systems increasingly co-schedule time-sensitive and background tasks. In such mixed workloads, background tasks should ideally utilize only spare CPU capacity without interfering with latency-critical requests. While some database-level solutions address this challenge, many database systems still rely on operating system (OS) schedulers, which, despite supporting priorities, do not reliably isolate high-priority tasks. Furthermore, they remain vulnerable to priority inversion, where preempted background tasks can delay other work. We present UFS, a selectively unfair scheduler implemented as an eBPF-based sched_ext scheduler in the Linux kernel. UFS restricts background tasks to idle CPU capacity and preempts them immediately when time-sensitive tasks arrive. To address priority inversion, UFS incorporates application-level hints via eBPF maps, ensuring that background tasks are not unnecessarily delayed should time-sensitive tasks wait for them to release locks. Our integration of UFS into PostgreSQL demonstrates that, under mixed workloads, UFS improves throughput for time-sensitive tasks by up to 2X, while reducing tail latency by half, compared to existing scheduling options in Linux.
title Unfair by design: eBPF-based scheduling of mixed database workloads
topic Databases
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02377