Early-Stage IoT Device Identification Using Passive Network Traffic Analysis

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Ciechonski, Alex, Palmese, Fabio, Redondi, Alessandro E. C., Mandalari, Anna Maria
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Ciechonski, Alex
Palmese, Fabio
Redondi, Alessandro E. C.
Mandalari, Anna Maria
author_facet Ciechonski, Alex
Palmese, Fabio
Redondi, Alessandro E. C.
Mandalari, Anna Maria
contents The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices introduces significant security challenges due to limited visibility and weak device-level guarantees. Accurate and timely identification of devices is essential for enforcing network policies and detecting unauthorised hardware, yet existing approaches often rely on long-term traffic observation, payload inspection, or infrastructure-dependent features. In this paper, we investigate whether IoT devices can be reliably identified during the early stages of network attachment using only passive traffic analysis. We propose a lightweight approach based on flow-level features extracted from metadata, avoiding payload inspection and active probing. Through systematic evaluation across multiple observation windows, we show that device-specific signatures emerge within the first few seconds of communication, enabling high-accuracy identification (up to 99%) across 37 IoT devices. Notably, extending the observation window does not consistently improve performance and may slightly degrade accuracy, indicating that the most discriminative behaviour occurs during initial device startup. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of fast, privacy-preserving IoT device identification at the network edge, supporting real-time enforcement, device inventory, and anomaly detection in practical deployments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_02449
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Early-Stage IoT Device Identification Using Passive Network Traffic Analysis
Ciechonski, Alex
Palmese, Fabio
Redondi, Alessandro E. C.
Mandalari, Anna Maria
Networking and Internet Architecture
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices introduces significant security challenges due to limited visibility and weak device-level guarantees. Accurate and timely identification of devices is essential for enforcing network policies and detecting unauthorised hardware, yet existing approaches often rely on long-term traffic observation, payload inspection, or infrastructure-dependent features. In this paper, we investigate whether IoT devices can be reliably identified during the early stages of network attachment using only passive traffic analysis. We propose a lightweight approach based on flow-level features extracted from metadata, avoiding payload inspection and active probing. Through systematic evaluation across multiple observation windows, we show that device-specific signatures emerge within the first few seconds of communication, enabling high-accuracy identification (up to 99%) across 37 IoT devices. Notably, extending the observation window does not consistently improve performance and may slightly degrade accuracy, indicating that the most discriminative behaviour occurs during initial device startup. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of fast, privacy-preserving IoT device identification at the network edge, supporting real-time enforcement, device inventory, and anomaly detection in practical deployments.
title Early-Stage IoT Device Identification Using Passive Network Traffic Analysis
topic Networking and Internet Architecture
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02449