Gradient Boosted Risk Scores

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Georgantas, Costa, Richiardi, Jonas
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Georgantas, Costa
Richiardi, Jonas
author_facet Georgantas, Costa
Richiardi, Jonas
contents Risk scores are an interpretable and actionable class of machine learning models with applications in medicine, insurance, and risk management. Unlike most computational methods, risk scores are designed to be computed by a human by attributing points to a data sample based on a limited set of criteria. The most common approaches for generating risk scores use linear regressions to estimate the effect of selected variables. We propose a simple and effective approach towards building compact and predictive risk scores. We provide an algorithm based on gradient boosting that is capable of modeling nonlinear effects, along with a C++ implementation with Python and R bindings. Through extensive empirical evaluation on twelve tabular datasets spanning regression, classification, and time-to-event tasks, we show that our method achieves competitive predictive performance while producing substantially more compact scores than regression-based alternatives, with 60% fewer rules for classification tasks and 16% fewer rules for time-to-event tasks on average, compared to AutoScore.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_02593
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Gradient Boosted Risk Scores
Georgantas, Costa
Richiardi, Jonas
Machine Learning
Risk scores are an interpretable and actionable class of machine learning models with applications in medicine, insurance, and risk management. Unlike most computational methods, risk scores are designed to be computed by a human by attributing points to a data sample based on a limited set of criteria. The most common approaches for generating risk scores use linear regressions to estimate the effect of selected variables. We propose a simple and effective approach towards building compact and predictive risk scores. We provide an algorithm based on gradient boosting that is capable of modeling nonlinear effects, along with a C++ implementation with Python and R bindings. Through extensive empirical evaluation on twelve tabular datasets spanning regression, classification, and time-to-event tasks, we show that our method achieves competitive predictive performance while producing substantially more compact scores than regression-based alternatives, with 60% fewer rules for classification tasks and 16% fewer rules for time-to-event tasks on average, compared to AutoScore.
title Gradient Boosted Risk Scores
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02593