A measure for genuine tripartite entanglement

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Wu, Shengjun, Zhong, Kaichen, Wu, Jeffery
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Wu, Shengjun
Zhong, Kaichen
Wu, Jeffery
author_facet Wu, Shengjun
Zhong, Kaichen
Wu, Jeffery
contents We introduce a single real-valued functional $I(\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2)$, built from four three-qubit correlation expectation values, that turns the Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) algebraic paradox into a \emph{quantitative} witness of genuine tripartite entanglement. We prove that for every three-qubit state $ρ$ and every pair of measurement directions $|I(\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2;ρ)|\le 2$, with the bound saturated if and only if the two measurement bases are mutually unbiased and $ρ$ is locally unitarily equivalent to the GHZ state. We obtain a closed-form expression for $I(\hat{x},\hat{y})$ on the five-parameter Acín canonical family of three-qubit pure states. For the W state we show that $I(\hat{x},\hat{y})=0$ and that $\max_{\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2}| I_{W}|=35/27\approx 1.296$, strictly below the GHZ value. The induced quantity ranges in $[0,1]$, equals one only on the GHZ class, and is therefore a device-independent indicator of GHZ-type genuine tripartite correlation. We also outline a generalisation of $I$ to three-qudit systems built from the Heisenberg--Weyl operators, recovering the standard qubit construction when $d=2$.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_02876
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A measure for genuine tripartite entanglement
Wu, Shengjun
Zhong, Kaichen
Wu, Jeffery
Quantum Physics
We introduce a single real-valued functional $I(\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2)$, built from four three-qubit correlation expectation values, that turns the Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) algebraic paradox into a \emph{quantitative} witness of genuine tripartite entanglement. We prove that for every three-qubit state $ρ$ and every pair of measurement directions $|I(\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2;ρ)|\le 2$, with the bound saturated if and only if the two measurement bases are mutually unbiased and $ρ$ is locally unitarily equivalent to the GHZ state. We obtain a closed-form expression for $I(\hat{x},\hat{y})$ on the five-parameter Acín canonical family of three-qubit pure states. For the W state we show that $I(\hat{x},\hat{y})=0$ and that $\max_{\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2}| I_{W}|=35/27\approx 1.296$, strictly below the GHZ value. The induced quantity ranges in $[0,1]$, equals one only on the GHZ class, and is therefore a device-independent indicator of GHZ-type genuine tripartite correlation. We also outline a generalisation of $I$ to three-qudit systems built from the Heisenberg--Weyl operators, recovering the standard qubit construction when $d=2$.
title A measure for genuine tripartite entanglement
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02876