Towards an End-to-End System for 3D Tracking of Physical Objects in Virtual Immersive Environments

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Knapiński, Stanisław, Grzeszczuk, Maciej, Karpowicz, Barbara, Zinevych, Pavlo, Kopec, Wieslaw
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Knapiński, Stanisław
Grzeszczuk, Maciej
Karpowicz, Barbara
Zinevych, Pavlo
Kopec, Wieslaw
author_facet Knapiński, Stanisław
Grzeszczuk, Maciej
Karpowicz, Barbara
Zinevych, Pavlo
Kopec, Wieslaw
contents This work aims to establish an end-to-end system for tracking of physical 3D objects for virtual reality (VR) applications. We focus on training applications requiring real-time tracking of the position of small physical objects and their reflection in VR space. Out goal is to perform object tracking in a "plug and play" manner, without using complex systems with quite large tracking devices or manually implementing object tracking. We therefore propose a system for object tracking via fiducial markers alongside a software harness, to enable fast and efficient designation of objects to be tracked and data streaming solution for end-use applications. The system utilizes AruCo, AprilTag and an original Colored Control Points based fiducial system. It allows for easy tag detection and use of object position data, which are crucial for immersive training environments based on VR and eXtended Reality (XR). We evaluate various tag sizes, detection distances, and different camera devices against the theoretical limits. In effect, we create a complete solution for implementing marker-based, real-to-virtual object position mapping for various applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_02901
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Towards an End-to-End System for 3D Tracking of Physical Objects in Virtual Immersive Environments
Knapiński, Stanisław
Grzeszczuk, Maciej
Karpowicz, Barbara
Zinevych, Pavlo
Kopec, Wieslaw
Human-Computer Interaction
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
This work aims to establish an end-to-end system for tracking of physical 3D objects for virtual reality (VR) applications. We focus on training applications requiring real-time tracking of the position of small physical objects and their reflection in VR space. Out goal is to perform object tracking in a "plug and play" manner, without using complex systems with quite large tracking devices or manually implementing object tracking. We therefore propose a system for object tracking via fiducial markers alongside a software harness, to enable fast and efficient designation of objects to be tracked and data streaming solution for end-use applications. The system utilizes AruCo, AprilTag and an original Colored Control Points based fiducial system. It allows for easy tag detection and use of object position data, which are crucial for immersive training environments based on VR and eXtended Reality (XR). We evaluate various tag sizes, detection distances, and different camera devices against the theoretical limits. In effect, we create a complete solution for implementing marker-based, real-to-virtual object position mapping for various applications.
title Towards an End-to-End System for 3D Tracking of Physical Objects in Virtual Immersive Environments
topic Human-Computer Interaction
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02901