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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03292 |
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| _version_ | 1866913089076592640 |
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| author | Zuo, Zhiyue Pirandola, Stefano |
| author_facet | Zuo, Zhiyue Pirandola, Stefano |
| contents | It is well known that the repeater node is an essential ingredient for the future global quantum network, which will enable high-rate private communication and entanglement distribution over very long distances. The near-term repeater architecture uses the measurement-based node that operate without both entanglement and quantum memory, which is the main idea of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol. The MDI-QKD protocol removes the trust condition from the inter repeaters, while its continuous variable (CV) version, when proposed, benefited from its deterministic nature, compatible with the classical devices, and shows a high rate for the short-range local area network (LAN). Whilst the theoretical backbone of CV-MDI-QKD protocol is well established, its secure transmission range is yet limited for practical LAN. In this study, we propose an enhanced scheme for the asymmetric CV-MDI-QKD protocol by using Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) oscillators-to-oscillators codes, where both loss error and operation error are suppressed to below the break-even point, without any delays caused by classical heralding signals. In particular, the proposed scheme, which correlates the noises of the data and ancilla via a pair of symplectic transforms, extracts the error syndromes from stabilizer measurements on the ancilla mode and informs the data mode for a corrective displacement. Numerical analysis shows the composable finite-size security of the protocol under the collective Gaussian attack, encompassing noiseless and noisy GKP states, with both wired (i.e., fiber-based) and wireless (i.e., free-space) configurations. In addition, we demonstrate that the residual errors of the GKP code can be further reduced by the concatenation method but has a trade-off between the layers number and the finite GKP squeezing. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_03292 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Fault-tolerant measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with noisy non-Gaussian error correction Zuo, Zhiyue Pirandola, Stefano Quantum Physics It is well known that the repeater node is an essential ingredient for the future global quantum network, which will enable high-rate private communication and entanglement distribution over very long distances. The near-term repeater architecture uses the measurement-based node that operate without both entanglement and quantum memory, which is the main idea of the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol. The MDI-QKD protocol removes the trust condition from the inter repeaters, while its continuous variable (CV) version, when proposed, benefited from its deterministic nature, compatible with the classical devices, and shows a high rate for the short-range local area network (LAN). Whilst the theoretical backbone of CV-MDI-QKD protocol is well established, its secure transmission range is yet limited for practical LAN. In this study, we propose an enhanced scheme for the asymmetric CV-MDI-QKD protocol by using Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) oscillators-to-oscillators codes, where both loss error and operation error are suppressed to below the break-even point, without any delays caused by classical heralding signals. In particular, the proposed scheme, which correlates the noises of the data and ancilla via a pair of symplectic transforms, extracts the error syndromes from stabilizer measurements on the ancilla mode and informs the data mode for a corrective displacement. Numerical analysis shows the composable finite-size security of the protocol under the collective Gaussian attack, encompassing noiseless and noisy GKP states, with both wired (i.e., fiber-based) and wireless (i.e., free-space) configurations. In addition, we demonstrate that the residual errors of the GKP code can be further reduced by the concatenation method but has a trade-off between the layers number and the finite GKP squeezing. |
| title | Fault-tolerant measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with noisy non-Gaussian error correction |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03292 |