Learning to Theorize the World from Observation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Baek, Doojin, Lee, Gyubin, Baek, Junyeob, Lee, Hosung, Ahn, Sungjin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Baek, Doojin
Lee, Gyubin
Baek, Junyeob
Lee, Hosung
Ahn, Sungjin
author_facet Baek, Doojin
Lee, Gyubin
Baek, Junyeob
Lee, Hosung
Ahn, Sungjin
contents What does it mean to understand the world? Contemporary world models often operationalize understanding as accurate future prediction in latent or observation space. Developmental cognitive science, however, suggests a different view: human understanding emerges through the construction of internal theories of how the world works, even before mature language is acquired. Inspired by this theory-building view of cognition, we introduce Learning-to-Theorize, a learning paradigm for inferring explicit explanatory theories of the world from raw, non-textual observations. We instantiate this paradigm with the Neural Theorizer (NEO), a probabilistic neural model that induces latent programs as a learned Language of Thought and executes them through a shared transition model. In NEO, a theory is represented as an executable, compositional program whose learned primitives can be systematically recombined to explain novel phenomena. Experiments show that this formulation enables explanation-driven generalization, allowing observations to be understood in terms of the programs that generate them.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_03413
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Learning to Theorize the World from Observation
Baek, Doojin
Lee, Gyubin
Baek, Junyeob
Lee, Hosung
Ahn, Sungjin
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
What does it mean to understand the world? Contemporary world models often operationalize understanding as accurate future prediction in latent or observation space. Developmental cognitive science, however, suggests a different view: human understanding emerges through the construction of internal theories of how the world works, even before mature language is acquired. Inspired by this theory-building view of cognition, we introduce Learning-to-Theorize, a learning paradigm for inferring explicit explanatory theories of the world from raw, non-textual observations. We instantiate this paradigm with the Neural Theorizer (NEO), a probabilistic neural model that induces latent programs as a learned Language of Thought and executes them through a shared transition model. In NEO, a theory is represented as an executable, compositional program whose learned primitives can be systematically recombined to explain novel phenomena. Experiments show that this formulation enables explanation-driven generalization, allowing observations to be understood in terms of the programs that generate them.
title Learning to Theorize the World from Observation
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03413