Fiscal Aggregation and the Limits of IS--LM--BP: Derivations, Aggregation Bias and Reproducible Adversarial Simulations

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Main Author: Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez
author_facet Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez
contents This paper develops a formal critique of scalar fiscal aggregation in the IS LM BP/Mundell Fleming framework. It shows that when fiscal policy is composed of heterogeneous instruments current purchases, public investment and transfers to different households the aggregate variable G is sufficient for output analysis only under a restrictive gradient condition: all instruments must have identical marginal effects on output. The paper proves this condition, derives composition weighted multipliers, identifies aggregation bias and extends the open economy IS LM BP model to incorporate fiscal composition, public capital, debt dynamics and risk-premium effects. A reproducible computational exercise with symbolic checks, derivative tests, accounting identities, adversarial counterexamples, sensitivity sweeps, Monte Carlo simulations and stress tests confirms the internal consistency of the argument. The contribution is methodological: IS LM BP remains useful as a compact equilibrium framework, but fiscal policy analysis requires vector-valued instruments and state-contingent multipliers rather than a single homogeneous spending variable.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_03881
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fiscal Aggregation and the Limits of IS--LM--BP: Derivations, Aggregation Bias and Reproducible Adversarial Simulations
Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez
General Economics
Economics
This paper develops a formal critique of scalar fiscal aggregation in the IS LM BP/Mundell Fleming framework. It shows that when fiscal policy is composed of heterogeneous instruments current purchases, public investment and transfers to different households the aggregate variable G is sufficient for output analysis only under a restrictive gradient condition: all instruments must have identical marginal effects on output. The paper proves this condition, derives composition weighted multipliers, identifies aggregation bias and extends the open economy IS LM BP model to incorporate fiscal composition, public capital, debt dynamics and risk-premium effects. A reproducible computational exercise with symbolic checks, derivative tests, accounting identities, adversarial counterexamples, sensitivity sweeps, Monte Carlo simulations and stress tests confirms the internal consistency of the argument. The contribution is methodological: IS LM BP remains useful as a compact equilibrium framework, but fiscal policy analysis requires vector-valued instruments and state-contingent multipliers rather than a single homogeneous spending variable.
title Fiscal Aggregation and the Limits of IS--LM--BP: Derivations, Aggregation Bias and Reproducible Adversarial Simulations
topic General Economics
Economics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.03881