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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04099 |
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| _version_ | 1866918485261549568 |
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| author | Alavirad, Hamzeh |
| author_facet | Alavirad, Hamzeh |
| contents | We present a time-resolved digital quantum simulation of cosmological particle creation in a de~Sitter--radiation FLRW transition. Instead of compiling only the final Bogoliubov transformation into a one-shot circuit, we discretize the conformal-time evolution and implement the dynamics as a Trotterized sequence of short-time circuit blocks. This formulation gives access not only to the late-time particle number, but also to the build-up of fixed-basis pair occupation during the non-adiabatic transition. Using a four-qubit single-excitation encoding for a momentum pair $(+\mathbf{k},-\mathbf{k})$, we compare matrix-Trotter evolution, noiseless statevector simulation, finite-shot Qiskit Aer simulation, and a shallow $N=1$ IBM hardware implementation. The simulator results are consistent with the analytic sudden-transition benchmark $n_k=1/[4(kη_e)^4]$ in the controlled single-excitation regime. The IBM experiment demonstrates execution of the shallow circuit block, but exhibits a residual hardware error of order $10^{-2}$, indicating that quantitative hardware reconstruction of the particle spectrum remains beyond current NISQ performance. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_04099 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Time-resolved digital quantum simulation of cosmological particle creation in a de Sitter-radiation transition Alavirad, Hamzeh Quantum Physics High Energy Physics - Theory We present a time-resolved digital quantum simulation of cosmological particle creation in a de~Sitter--radiation FLRW transition. Instead of compiling only the final Bogoliubov transformation into a one-shot circuit, we discretize the conformal-time evolution and implement the dynamics as a Trotterized sequence of short-time circuit blocks. This formulation gives access not only to the late-time particle number, but also to the build-up of fixed-basis pair occupation during the non-adiabatic transition. Using a four-qubit single-excitation encoding for a momentum pair $(+\mathbf{k},-\mathbf{k})$, we compare matrix-Trotter evolution, noiseless statevector simulation, finite-shot Qiskit Aer simulation, and a shallow $N=1$ IBM hardware implementation. The simulator results are consistent with the analytic sudden-transition benchmark $n_k=1/[4(kη_e)^4]$ in the controlled single-excitation regime. The IBM experiment demonstrates execution of the shallow circuit block, but exhibits a residual hardware error of order $10^{-2}$, indicating that quantitative hardware reconstruction of the particle spectrum remains beyond current NISQ performance. |
| title | Time-resolved digital quantum simulation of cosmological particle creation in a de Sitter-radiation transition |
| topic | Quantum Physics High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04099 |