A new perspective on the rank of Mazur's Eisenstein Hecke algebra

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lang, Jaclyn, Müller, Katharina, Palvannan, Bharathwaj
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Lang, Jaclyn
Müller, Katharina
Palvannan, Bharathwaj
author_facet Lang, Jaclyn
Müller, Katharina
Palvannan, Bharathwaj
contents Let $N, p \geq 5$ be primes such that $N \equiv 1 \bmod p$. We study the rank $r$ of the Hecke algebra that parametrizes modular forms of weight 2 and level $N$ that are Eisenstein modulo $p$. When $r$ is $2$ or $3$, we prove that $r-1$ equals the order of vanishing of the mod-$p$ reduction of a zeta element that interpolates Dirichlet $L$-values at $-1$, thereby recovering results of Merel and Lecouturier. This equality can fail in some cases when $r \geq 4$, and we provide a heuristic explanation of this failure. Our approach handles all of these cases uniformly by studying the analogous Hecke algebra in level $N^2$. When exactly one of $r-1$ or the order of vanishing equals $3$, we provide precise information about Galois orbits of cuspidal newforms in level $N^2$ that are Eisenstein modulo $p$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_04195
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A new perspective on the rank of Mazur's Eisenstein Hecke algebra
Lang, Jaclyn
Müller, Katharina
Palvannan, Bharathwaj
Number Theory
Primary 11F33, Secondary 11F80, 11F85
Let $N, p \geq 5$ be primes such that $N \equiv 1 \bmod p$. We study the rank $r$ of the Hecke algebra that parametrizes modular forms of weight 2 and level $N$ that are Eisenstein modulo $p$. When $r$ is $2$ or $3$, we prove that $r-1$ equals the order of vanishing of the mod-$p$ reduction of a zeta element that interpolates Dirichlet $L$-values at $-1$, thereby recovering results of Merel and Lecouturier. This equality can fail in some cases when $r \geq 4$, and we provide a heuristic explanation of this failure. Our approach handles all of these cases uniformly by studying the analogous Hecke algebra in level $N^2$. When exactly one of $r-1$ or the order of vanishing equals $3$, we provide precise information about Galois orbits of cuspidal newforms in level $N^2$ that are Eisenstein modulo $p$.
title A new perspective on the rank of Mazur's Eisenstein Hecke algebra
topic Number Theory
Primary 11F33, Secondary 11F80, 11F85
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04195