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Main Authors: Zhang, Zhenliang, Wang, Wenqing, Hu, Yong, Yang, Yaming, Gao, Jiaheng, Shen, Chen, Wan, Xiaojun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04496
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author Zhang, Zhenliang
Wang, Wenqing
Hu, Yong
Yang, Yaming
Gao, Jiaheng
Shen, Chen
Wan, Xiaojun
author_facet Zhang, Zhenliang
Wang, Wenqing
Hu, Yong
Yang, Yaming
Gao, Jiaheng
Shen, Chen
Wan, Xiaojun
contents Long-Text Understanding (LTU) at million-token scale requires balancing reasoning fidelity with computational efficiency. Frontier long-context LLMs can process millions of token contexts end-to-end, but they suffer from high token consumption and attention dilution. In parallel, specialized LTU agents often sacrifice fidelity through task-agnostic abstractions like graph construction or indexing. We identify a key insight for LTU: query-relevant information is typically sparse relative to the full document, so effective reasoning should rely on a query-sufficient subset rather than the entire context. To address this, we propose SCOUT, a new paradigm for LTU that shifts from passive processing to active information foraging. It treats the document as an explorable environment and answers from a compact, provenance-grounded epistemic state. Guided by state-level gap diagnosis, SCOUT adaptively alternates between coarse-to-fine exploration and anchored state updates that progressively contract its epistemic state toward query sufficiency. Experiments show that SCOUT matches state-of-the-art proprietary models while reducing token consumption by up to 8x. Moreover, SCOUT remains stable as context length scales, substantially alleviating the practical cost-performance trade-off.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SCOUT: Active Information Foraging for Long-Text Understanding with Decoupled Epistemic States
Zhang, Zhenliang
Wang, Wenqing
Hu, Yong
Yang, Yaming
Gao, Jiaheng
Shen, Chen
Wan, Xiaojun
Computation and Language
Long-Text Understanding (LTU) at million-token scale requires balancing reasoning fidelity with computational efficiency. Frontier long-context LLMs can process millions of token contexts end-to-end, but they suffer from high token consumption and attention dilution. In parallel, specialized LTU agents often sacrifice fidelity through task-agnostic abstractions like graph construction or indexing. We identify a key insight for LTU: query-relevant information is typically sparse relative to the full document, so effective reasoning should rely on a query-sufficient subset rather than the entire context. To address this, we propose SCOUT, a new paradigm for LTU that shifts from passive processing to active information foraging. It treats the document as an explorable environment and answers from a compact, provenance-grounded epistemic state. Guided by state-level gap diagnosis, SCOUT adaptively alternates between coarse-to-fine exploration and anchored state updates that progressively contract its epistemic state toward query sufficiency. Experiments show that SCOUT matches state-of-the-art proprietary models while reducing token consumption by up to 8x. Moreover, SCOUT remains stable as context length scales, substantially alleviating the practical cost-performance trade-off.
title SCOUT: Active Information Foraging for Long-Text Understanding with Decoupled Epistemic States
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04496