Algorithmic bottlenecks in evolution: Genetic code, symbolic language, and the Great Filter hypothesis

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Main Authors: Prokopenko, Mikhail, Ay, Nihat, Breviario, Angelica, Crocker, Roland M., Davies, Paul C. W., Davies, Pauline, Dougan, Darren, Fletcher, Roland, Harré, Michael, Heisler, Marcus G., Kuncic, Zdenka, Lewis, Geraint F., Livson, Ori, Reiner, Vivienne, Serra, Jaime Ruiz
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Prokopenko, Mikhail
Ay, Nihat
Breviario, Angelica
Crocker, Roland M.
Davies, Paul C. W.
Davies, Pauline
Dougan, Darren
Fletcher, Roland
Harré, Michael
Heisler, Marcus G.
Kuncic, Zdenka
Lewis, Geraint F.
Livson, Ori
Reiner, Vivienne
Serra, Jaime Ruiz
author_facet Prokopenko, Mikhail
Ay, Nihat
Breviario, Angelica
Crocker, Roland M.
Davies, Paul C. W.
Davies, Pauline
Dougan, Darren
Fletcher, Roland
Harré, Michael
Heisler, Marcus G.
Kuncic, Zdenka
Lewis, Geraint F.
Livson, Ori
Reiner, Vivienne
Serra, Jaime Ruiz
contents The Great Filter hypothesis proposes that the emergence of technological societies capable of interstellar travel depends on a small number of exceptionally hard and highly improbable steps. Traditional versions of this hypothesis enumerate such "hard steps" along the trajectory from inanimate matter to complex technological societies, but diverge in their explanations for why these particular steps should be so improbable. The theory of Major Evolutionary Transitions also faces challenges in identifying which steps should be considered universally "hard" across different evolutionary pathways. In contrast, we argue that two deeply structural obstacles dominate the evolutionary landscape: the coding threshold associated with the origin of the genetic code, and the language threshold associated with the emergence of symbolic communication. We examine the developmental precursors of both transitions and analyze the underlying algorithmic bottlenecks: points at which evolving systems separate code from function, while entangling them within information hierarchies. Using a game-theoretic analysis of coupled signaling and coordination dynamics, we then argue that the corresponding multichannel games exhibit unstable equilibria that render the transitions intrinsically difficult. We conjecture that the so-called Great Filter is best understood not as a sequence of isolated improbable events, but as a nested structure of tangled information hierarchies. Under this interpretation, the rarity of advanced societies follows from the difficulty of crossing these coding thresholds in a competitive noisy environment. This perspective reframes the Great Filter as an algorithmic property of evolving systems, highlighting why only a vanishingly small fraction of life may ever traverse the path toward technological societies capable of interstellar travel.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_04498
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Algorithmic bottlenecks in evolution: Genetic code, symbolic language, and the Great Filter hypothesis
Prokopenko, Mikhail
Ay, Nihat
Breviario, Angelica
Crocker, Roland M.
Davies, Paul C. W.
Davies, Pauline
Dougan, Darren
Fletcher, Roland
Harré, Michael
Heisler, Marcus G.
Kuncic, Zdenka
Lewis, Geraint F.
Livson, Ori
Reiner, Vivienne
Serra, Jaime Ruiz
Populations and Evolution
92D15, 91Axx, 92C42, 68Pxx
F.1.1; H.1.1; I.2.11
The Great Filter hypothesis proposes that the emergence of technological societies capable of interstellar travel depends on a small number of exceptionally hard and highly improbable steps. Traditional versions of this hypothesis enumerate such "hard steps" along the trajectory from inanimate matter to complex technological societies, but diverge in their explanations for why these particular steps should be so improbable. The theory of Major Evolutionary Transitions also faces challenges in identifying which steps should be considered universally "hard" across different evolutionary pathways. In contrast, we argue that two deeply structural obstacles dominate the evolutionary landscape: the coding threshold associated with the origin of the genetic code, and the language threshold associated with the emergence of symbolic communication. We examine the developmental precursors of both transitions and analyze the underlying algorithmic bottlenecks: points at which evolving systems separate code from function, while entangling them within information hierarchies. Using a game-theoretic analysis of coupled signaling and coordination dynamics, we then argue that the corresponding multichannel games exhibit unstable equilibria that render the transitions intrinsically difficult. We conjecture that the so-called Great Filter is best understood not as a sequence of isolated improbable events, but as a nested structure of tangled information hierarchies. Under this interpretation, the rarity of advanced societies follows from the difficulty of crossing these coding thresholds in a competitive noisy environment. This perspective reframes the Great Filter as an algorithmic property of evolving systems, highlighting why only a vanishingly small fraction of life may ever traverse the path toward technological societies capable of interstellar travel.
title Algorithmic bottlenecks in evolution: Genetic code, symbolic language, and the Great Filter hypothesis
topic Populations and Evolution
92D15, 91Axx, 92C42, 68Pxx
F.1.1; H.1.1; I.2.11
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04498