A Comparison Between Co-Located and Distributed MIMO Deployments in OFDM-ISAC Networks

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Darabi, Maryam, Liesegang, Sergi, Grossi, Emanuele, Buzzi, Stefano
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Darabi, Maryam
Liesegang, Sergi
Grossi, Emanuele
Buzzi, Stefano
author_facet Darabi, Maryam
Liesegang, Sergi
Grossi, Emanuele
Buzzi, Stefano
contents This paper investigates network-level integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) under two fundamentally different topology configurations: cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) and multi-cell massive MIMO (MC-mMIMO). A unified OFDM-based waveform is adopted for both architectures as the key enabler for ISAC functionalities. The CF system exploits distributed access points (APs) and a scalable user-target-centric operation, whereas the MC system relies on co-located transmit-receive arrays with conventional cell-centric deployment. For both architectures, we derive a GLRT-based sensing detector and the corresponding sensing SNR expressions. We then examine a series of case studies investigating how the number of OFDM subcarriers, the transceiver allocation strategy, and the antenna/node distribution across the network affect the sensing performance. The results consistently demonstrate that CF-mMIMO provides more robust and higher sensing performance across most tested scenarios, particularly when transmit resources or antenna elements are spatially distributed. These findings highlight the inherent advantages of CF deployments for next-generation ISAC networks.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05059
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Comparison Between Co-Located and Distributed MIMO Deployments in OFDM-ISAC Networks
Darabi, Maryam
Liesegang, Sergi
Grossi, Emanuele
Buzzi, Stefano
Information Theory
Signal Processing
This paper investigates network-level integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) under two fundamentally different topology configurations: cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) and multi-cell massive MIMO (MC-mMIMO). A unified OFDM-based waveform is adopted for both architectures as the key enabler for ISAC functionalities. The CF system exploits distributed access points (APs) and a scalable user-target-centric operation, whereas the MC system relies on co-located transmit-receive arrays with conventional cell-centric deployment. For both architectures, we derive a GLRT-based sensing detector and the corresponding sensing SNR expressions. We then examine a series of case studies investigating how the number of OFDM subcarriers, the transceiver allocation strategy, and the antenna/node distribution across the network affect the sensing performance. The results consistently demonstrate that CF-mMIMO provides more robust and higher sensing performance across most tested scenarios, particularly when transmit resources or antenna elements are spatially distributed. These findings highlight the inherent advantages of CF deployments for next-generation ISAC networks.
title A Comparison Between Co-Located and Distributed MIMO Deployments in OFDM-ISAC Networks
topic Information Theory
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05059