Age Verification in the Web -- Holy Grail to Control Access to Restricted Content

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wodo, Wojciech, Gorski, Maksymilian, Hanzlik, Lucjan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Wodo, Wojciech
Gorski, Maksymilian
Hanzlik, Lucjan
author_facet Wodo, Wojciech
Gorski, Maksymilian
Hanzlik, Lucjan
contents Age verification before accessing restricted content is critical to protecting minors from exposure to harmful material such as pornography, gambling, violence, hateful speech, and substance purchases like alcohol and tobacco. Currently, the absence of reliable age-checking mechanisms allows children extensive access to such adult content, posing significant risks to their worldview and mental development. While regulatory efforts like the European Union's Digital Services Act promote using Digital Wallets or Age Verification Apps, relying solely on government-based solutions raises concerns about data sensitivity and privacy risks. Effective age verification must therefore be trustworthy, user-friendly, privacy-preserving, and offer flexible assurance levels. We analyze currently implemented (UK or Australia) and proposed (UE) solutions from different angles, pointing out the weaknesses and threats, and come up with an alternative. Our proposal addresses these challenges by leveraging open standards - such as Privacy Pass and Privacy Access Tokens - and cryptographic techniques to enable secure, privacy-conscious age verification without requiring specialized software installation. This approach empowers users to select trusted providers from multiple options, reducing the risk of data breaches and ensuring a safer digital environment for minors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05513
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Age Verification in the Web -- Holy Grail to Control Access to Restricted Content
Wodo, Wojciech
Gorski, Maksymilian
Hanzlik, Lucjan
Cryptography and Security
Computers and Society
Age verification before accessing restricted content is critical to protecting minors from exposure to harmful material such as pornography, gambling, violence, hateful speech, and substance purchases like alcohol and tobacco. Currently, the absence of reliable age-checking mechanisms allows children extensive access to such adult content, posing significant risks to their worldview and mental development. While regulatory efforts like the European Union's Digital Services Act promote using Digital Wallets or Age Verification Apps, relying solely on government-based solutions raises concerns about data sensitivity and privacy risks. Effective age verification must therefore be trustworthy, user-friendly, privacy-preserving, and offer flexible assurance levels. We analyze currently implemented (UK or Australia) and proposed (UE) solutions from different angles, pointing out the weaknesses and threats, and come up with an alternative. Our proposal addresses these challenges by leveraging open standards - such as Privacy Pass and Privacy Access Tokens - and cryptographic techniques to enable secure, privacy-conscious age verification without requiring specialized software installation. This approach empowers users to select trusted providers from multiple options, reducing the risk of data breaches and ensuring a safer digital environment for minors.
title Age Verification in the Web -- Holy Grail to Control Access to Restricted Content
topic Cryptography and Security
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05513