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Main Authors: Jang, Joon, Jeong, Eunho, Choi, Kyu Sung, Kim, Hyeonjin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05652
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author Jang, Joon
Jeong, Eunho
Choi, Kyu Sung
Kim, Hyeonjin
author_facet Jang, Joon
Jeong, Eunho
Choi, Kyu Sung
Kim, Hyeonjin
contents Simulation-based inference (SBI) provides amortized Bayesian parameter inference from simulator-generated data without requiring explicit likelihood evaluation. Its reliability can degrade under model misspecification, where real-world observations are not well represented by the simulator used for training. Existing methods using unlabeled real-world data often align simulated and real-world data distributions, but marginal alignment alone does not directly preserve parameter-relevant information needed for posterior inference. We propose SPIN, an SBI framework with parameter-relevant information-preserving domain transfer using unlabeled, unpaired real-world observations. During training, SPIN translates labeled simulator observations toward the real-world domain and back to the simulator domain, using the original simulator labels to encourage domain transfer that preserves parameter-relevant mutual information. At test time, the learned real-to-simulator transport maps real-world observations into the simulator domain for posterior inference, without requiring real-world parameter labels or paired real--simulator observations. Across controlled synthetic and physical real-world benchmarks, SPIN improves real-world posterior inference, with the improvement becoming clearer as misspecification increases.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05652
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Information-Preserving Domain Transfer with Unlabeled Data in Misspecified Simulation-Based Inference
Jang, Joon
Jeong, Eunho
Choi, Kyu Sung
Kim, Hyeonjin
Machine Learning
Simulation-based inference (SBI) provides amortized Bayesian parameter inference from simulator-generated data without requiring explicit likelihood evaluation. Its reliability can degrade under model misspecification, where real-world observations are not well represented by the simulator used for training. Existing methods using unlabeled real-world data often align simulated and real-world data distributions, but marginal alignment alone does not directly preserve parameter-relevant information needed for posterior inference. We propose SPIN, an SBI framework with parameter-relevant information-preserving domain transfer using unlabeled, unpaired real-world observations. During training, SPIN translates labeled simulator observations toward the real-world domain and back to the simulator domain, using the original simulator labels to encourage domain transfer that preserves parameter-relevant mutual information. At test time, the learned real-to-simulator transport maps real-world observations into the simulator domain for posterior inference, without requiring real-world parameter labels or paired real--simulator observations. Across controlled synthetic and physical real-world benchmarks, SPIN improves real-world posterior inference, with the improvement becoming clearer as misspecification increases.
title Information-Preserving Domain Transfer with Unlabeled Data in Misspecified Simulation-Based Inference
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05652