A Scalable Translationally Invariant Variational Theory of Ab Initio Polarons

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Baumgarten, Moritz K. A., Wu, Hamlin, Jiang, Tong, Lee, Joonho
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Baumgarten, Moritz K. A.
Wu, Hamlin
Jiang, Tong
Lee, Joonho
author_facet Baumgarten, Moritz K. A.
Wu, Hamlin
Jiang, Tong
Lee, Joonho
contents We introduce a scalable, translationally invariant variational theory for ab initio polarons that remains applicable across coupling regimes without resorting to supercells. Our approach combines a momentum-projected Toyozawa-type wavefunction with a low-rank factorization of the electron-phonon kernel, enabling near-linear scaling with the number of $\mathbf{k}$-points while capturing both delocalized and self-trapped carriers. Benchmarks for the Fröhlich model, LiF, and anatase and rutile TiO$_2$ yield accurate polaron binding energies, thermodynamic-limit band structures, and transparent real-space measures of polaron extent. For LiF, comparison with first-principles diagrammatic Monte Carlo (DiagMC) reveals close agreement for the weak-coupling electron-polaron ground state and band structure. However, in the hole-polaron of LiF, which is in the strong-coupling regime, we found a significant bias in DiagMC results. These results establish momentum-projected variational wavefunctions as a systematically improvable route to thermodynamic limit studies of polarons in real materials.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05675
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Scalable Translationally Invariant Variational Theory of Ab Initio Polarons
Baumgarten, Moritz K. A.
Wu, Hamlin
Jiang, Tong
Lee, Joonho
Materials Science
Chemical Physics
Computational Physics
We introduce a scalable, translationally invariant variational theory for ab initio polarons that remains applicable across coupling regimes without resorting to supercells. Our approach combines a momentum-projected Toyozawa-type wavefunction with a low-rank factorization of the electron-phonon kernel, enabling near-linear scaling with the number of $\mathbf{k}$-points while capturing both delocalized and self-trapped carriers. Benchmarks for the Fröhlich model, LiF, and anatase and rutile TiO$_2$ yield accurate polaron binding energies, thermodynamic-limit band structures, and transparent real-space measures of polaron extent. For LiF, comparison with first-principles diagrammatic Monte Carlo (DiagMC) reveals close agreement for the weak-coupling electron-polaron ground state and band structure. However, in the hole-polaron of LiF, which is in the strong-coupling regime, we found a significant bias in DiagMC results. These results establish momentum-projected variational wavefunctions as a systematically improvable route to thermodynamic limit studies of polarons in real materials.
title A Scalable Translationally Invariant Variational Theory of Ab Initio Polarons
topic Materials Science
Chemical Physics
Computational Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05675