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| Format: | Preprint |
| Veröffentlicht: |
2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05707 |
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| _version_ | 1866914537253371904 |
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| author | Lyu, Lingxue Liu, Zihui |
| author_facet | Lyu, Lingxue Liu, Zihui |
| contents | LIPM is everywhere in legged-locomotion control, but almost always as a modeling choice rather than as something the
controller's cost actually prefers. This note tries to make that link more explicit. Working from a small centroidal
OCP that penalizes the rate of angular momentum, we look at what its optimum tends to look like. Three things come
out. With full-rank stance, the optimum drifts toward a pendular force pattern at a rate determined by the SVD of the
moment Jacobian; the constant is set by foot-span geometry and matches the experiments to within 16%. With N=2 stance,
as in trot, the friction cone introduces a lower bound on $\|\dot{H}_G\|$ that no amount of weight tuning fixes; we
also see a non-smooth feasibility kink at a critical horizontal acceleration that we can write in closed form. Adding
a task term that asks for a nonzero $\dot{H}_G$ moves the optimum off the pendular set in a predictable way. None of
this is far from the classical ZMP/DCM picture. We test these claims on a point-mass quadruped and on the Unitree Go1
in MuJoCo (open-loop QP and a torque-level closed-loop controller), and we note where the asymptotic story stops being
a good description of what the closed loop actually does. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05707 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | On the Emergence of Pendular Structure in Multi-Contact Locomotion Lyu, Lingxue Liu, Zihui Robotics LIPM is everywhere in legged-locomotion control, but almost always as a modeling choice rather than as something the controller's cost actually prefers. This note tries to make that link more explicit. Working from a small centroidal OCP that penalizes the rate of angular momentum, we look at what its optimum tends to look like. Three things come out. With full-rank stance, the optimum drifts toward a pendular force pattern at a rate determined by the SVD of the moment Jacobian; the constant is set by foot-span geometry and matches the experiments to within 16%. With N=2 stance, as in trot, the friction cone introduces a lower bound on $\|\dot{H}_G\|$ that no amount of weight tuning fixes; we also see a non-smooth feasibility kink at a critical horizontal acceleration that we can write in closed form. Adding a task term that asks for a nonzero $\dot{H}_G$ moves the optimum off the pendular set in a predictable way. None of this is far from the classical ZMP/DCM picture. We test these claims on a point-mass quadruped and on the Unitree Go1 in MuJoCo (open-loop QP and a torque-level closed-loop controller), and we note where the asymptotic story stops being a good description of what the closed loop actually does. |
| title | On the Emergence of Pendular Structure in Multi-Contact Locomotion |
| topic | Robotics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05707 |