The multi-fractal nature of pedestrian arrival times

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Pouw, Caspar A. S., Corbetta, Alessandro, Gabbana, Alessandro, Toschi, Federico
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866914537572139008
author Pouw, Caspar A. S.
Corbetta, Alessandro
Gabbana, Alessandro
Toschi, Federico
author_facet Pouw, Caspar A. S.
Corbetta, Alessandro
Gabbana, Alessandro
Toschi, Federico
contents Pedestrian arrival times exhibit complex temporal organization across multiple scales, shaped by working hours, transportation schedules, and collective behaviors - features often neglected in conventional pedestrian arrival models. Using a dataset comprising over 23 million pedestrian movements at a Dutch railway station, we show that arrival processes cannot be fully characterized by inter-arrival time statistics alone. Instead, we demonstrate that pedestrian arrivals exhibit clear multifractal scaling, revealing scale-dependent correlations across a broad range of timescales. To quantify these properties, we apply a framework based on generalized fractal dimensions, which captures the heterogeneous structure of arrivals beyond standard point-process descriptions. This approach enables the identification of distinct temporal regimes associated with external forcing and provides a quantitative basis for constructing more realistic synthetic arrival processes. Beyond pedestrian dynamics, this approach offers methodological relevance for understanding non-trivial arrival processes in other physical or biological systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05788
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The multi-fractal nature of pedestrian arrival times
Pouw, Caspar A. S.
Corbetta, Alessandro
Gabbana, Alessandro
Toschi, Federico
Physics and Society
Pedestrian arrival times exhibit complex temporal organization across multiple scales, shaped by working hours, transportation schedules, and collective behaviors - features often neglected in conventional pedestrian arrival models. Using a dataset comprising over 23 million pedestrian movements at a Dutch railway station, we show that arrival processes cannot be fully characterized by inter-arrival time statistics alone. Instead, we demonstrate that pedestrian arrivals exhibit clear multifractal scaling, revealing scale-dependent correlations across a broad range of timescales. To quantify these properties, we apply a framework based on generalized fractal dimensions, which captures the heterogeneous structure of arrivals beyond standard point-process descriptions. This approach enables the identification of distinct temporal regimes associated with external forcing and provides a quantitative basis for constructing more realistic synthetic arrival processes. Beyond pedestrian dynamics, this approach offers methodological relevance for understanding non-trivial arrival processes in other physical or biological systems.
title The multi-fractal nature of pedestrian arrival times
topic Physics and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05788