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Main Authors: Xu, Shen, Zhuge, Xiangwen, Xu, Zhe, Hu, Yingkun, Yang, Zheng, Liu, Yunhao
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05819
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author Xu, Shen
Zhuge, Xiangwen
Xu, Zhe
Hu, Yingkun
Yang, Zheng
Liu, Yunhao
author_facet Xu, Shen
Zhuge, Xiangwen
Xu, Zhe
Hu, Yingkun
Yang, Zheng
Liu, Yunhao
contents LLMs often struggle with memory-constrained deployment on consumer-grade hardware due to their massive parameter sizes. While existing solutions such as model compression and offloading improve deployment feasibility, they often suffer from substantial accuracy degradation or severe throughput bottlenecks. Recent error compensation methods recover accuracy through auxiliary LoRA-style branches, and we observe that these branches are inherently amenable to offloading: they require substantial parameter storage but access only a small subset of compensation parameters during each inference step. Motivated by this opportunity, we propose HCInfer, a heterogeneous inference system that offloads residual compensation to the CPU while executing the compressed backbone on the GPU, and further introduces an asynchronous compensation pipeline and sensitivity-aware dynamic rank allocation to hide compensation overhead and maximize accuracy recovery. Experimental results show that HCInfer achieves a maximum accuracy improvement of 5.2% on downstream tasks compared to compression model and sustaining a maximum speedup of 10.4x compared to full-precision model.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_05819
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle HCInfer: An Efficient Inference System via Error Compensation for Resource-Constrained Devices
Xu, Shen
Zhuge, Xiangwen
Xu, Zhe
Hu, Yingkun
Yang, Zheng
Liu, Yunhao
Machine Learning
LLMs often struggle with memory-constrained deployment on consumer-grade hardware due to their massive parameter sizes. While existing solutions such as model compression and offloading improve deployment feasibility, they often suffer from substantial accuracy degradation or severe throughput bottlenecks. Recent error compensation methods recover accuracy through auxiliary LoRA-style branches, and we observe that these branches are inherently amenable to offloading: they require substantial parameter storage but access only a small subset of compensation parameters during each inference step. Motivated by this opportunity, we propose HCInfer, a heterogeneous inference system that offloads residual compensation to the CPU while executing the compressed backbone on the GPU, and further introduces an asynchronous compensation pipeline and sensitivity-aware dynamic rank allocation to hide compensation overhead and maximize accuracy recovery. Experimental results show that HCInfer achieves a maximum accuracy improvement of 5.2% on downstream tasks compared to compression model and sustaining a maximum speedup of 10.4x compared to full-precision model.
title HCInfer: An Efficient Inference System via Error Compensation for Resource-Constrained Devices
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05819