Phase-Space Crystallization in Galactic Globular Clusters: A Gaia-Based Metric and Implications for Technosignature Searches

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Main Authors: Huang, Bo-Lun, Tao, Zhen-Zhao, Zhang, Tong-Jie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Huang, Bo-Lun
Tao, Zhen-Zhao
Zhang, Tong-Jie
author_facet Huang, Bo-Lun
Tao, Zhen-Zhao
Zhang, Tong-Jie
contents We develop a model-independent framework to quantify phase-space "crystallization", the degree of ordered radial and kinematic substructure, in 79 Galactic globular clusters using the Gaia EDR3-based membership catalogue of E. Vasiliev & H. Baumgardt (2021a). We construct a scalar crystallization index, C_index, by combining a radial inhomogeneity metric (z_rad) and a local, cluster-centric tangential-velocity metric (z_vel) standardized against empirical nulls. The population distribution is strongly non-Gaussian: most clusters are consistent with smooth, equilibrium expectations, while a small high-C tail (C_index >= 2) identifies dynamically complex systems, including NGC 5139 (ωCen) and NGC 104 (47 Tuc). Correlation and fixed-N tests show that sample size affects detectability, but does not by itself explain all high-rank objects. Through synthetic injection tests in dynamically "quiet" control clusters, we demonstrate sensitivity to ultra-cold, shell-confined kinematic components, ruling out single-shell structures comprising more than a few to ~ 10-20% of core stars in the best-sampled control clusters. We find no evidence, within the sensitivity of the adopted diagnostics, for phase-space structures that require explanations beyond known dynamical processes. However, C_index provides a useful tool for ranking clusters by dynamical extremeness, serving both as a diagnostic for internal complexity and as a quantitative metric for prioritizing follow-up dynamical or technosignature-oriented observations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_06072
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Phase-Space Crystallization in Galactic Globular Clusters: A Gaia-Based Metric and Implications for Technosignature Searches
Huang, Bo-Lun
Tao, Zhen-Zhao
Zhang, Tong-Jie
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
We develop a model-independent framework to quantify phase-space "crystallization", the degree of ordered radial and kinematic substructure, in 79 Galactic globular clusters using the Gaia EDR3-based membership catalogue of E. Vasiliev & H. Baumgardt (2021a). We construct a scalar crystallization index, C_index, by combining a radial inhomogeneity metric (z_rad) and a local, cluster-centric tangential-velocity metric (z_vel) standardized against empirical nulls. The population distribution is strongly non-Gaussian: most clusters are consistent with smooth, equilibrium expectations, while a small high-C tail (C_index >= 2) identifies dynamically complex systems, including NGC 5139 (ωCen) and NGC 104 (47 Tuc). Correlation and fixed-N tests show that sample size affects detectability, but does not by itself explain all high-rank objects. Through synthetic injection tests in dynamically "quiet" control clusters, we demonstrate sensitivity to ultra-cold, shell-confined kinematic components, ruling out single-shell structures comprising more than a few to ~ 10-20% of core stars in the best-sampled control clusters. We find no evidence, within the sensitivity of the adopted diagnostics, for phase-space structures that require explanations beyond known dynamical processes. However, C_index provides a useful tool for ranking clusters by dynamical extremeness, serving both as a diagnostic for internal complexity and as a quantitative metric for prioritizing follow-up dynamical or technosignature-oriented observations.
title Phase-Space Crystallization in Galactic Globular Clusters: A Gaia-Based Metric and Implications for Technosignature Searches
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06072