Time-sensitive anytime-valid testing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Clerico, Eugenio, Wegel, Tobias, Azangulov, Iskander, Rebeschini, Patrick
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Clerico, Eugenio
Wegel, Tobias
Azangulov, Iskander
Rebeschini, Patrick
author_facet Clerico, Eugenio
Wegel, Tobias
Azangulov, Iskander
Rebeschini, Patrick
contents Anytime-valid tests allow evidence to be checked during data collection: one can either continue testing or stop and reject the null while still controlling type-I error. Yet, in many applications rejection is useful only if it comes soon enough. We introduce a time-sensitive testing-by-betting framework that favours early rejection by assigning rewards to rejection times and maximising their expected value under a given alternative. This encompasses hard deadlines and softer time preferences. The resulting optimal control problem admits a Bellman representation in terms only of time and evidence against the null, rather than the full history. For hard deadlines, the simple-vs-simple case reduces to a finite-horizon Neyman--Pearson problem and identify the corresponding optimal e-process. Furthermore, we show that exponentially decaying rewards admit a stationary approximation, yielding the exponential-decay-optimal (EDO) criterion: a finite-time-scale counterpart to the classical growth-rate-optimal (GRO) viewpoint in anytime-valid statistics, with the GRO criterion recovered in the large-time-scale limit.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_06521
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time-sensitive anytime-valid testing
Clerico, Eugenio
Wegel, Tobias
Azangulov, Iskander
Rebeschini, Patrick
Statistics Theory
Optimization and Control
Anytime-valid tests allow evidence to be checked during data collection: one can either continue testing or stop and reject the null while still controlling type-I error. Yet, in many applications rejection is useful only if it comes soon enough. We introduce a time-sensitive testing-by-betting framework that favours early rejection by assigning rewards to rejection times and maximising their expected value under a given alternative. This encompasses hard deadlines and softer time preferences. The resulting optimal control problem admits a Bellman representation in terms only of time and evidence against the null, rather than the full history. For hard deadlines, the simple-vs-simple case reduces to a finite-horizon Neyman--Pearson problem and identify the corresponding optimal e-process. Furthermore, we show that exponentially decaying rewards admit a stationary approximation, yielding the exponential-decay-optimal (EDO) criterion: a finite-time-scale counterpart to the classical growth-rate-optimal (GRO) viewpoint in anytime-valid statistics, with the GRO criterion recovered in the large-time-scale limit.
title Time-sensitive anytime-valid testing
topic Statistics Theory
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06521