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Main Authors: Battiloro, Claudio, Greiner, Pietro, Rancati, Dario, Nestor, Bret, Amezgar, Oumaima, Dominici, Francesca
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06749
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author Battiloro, Claudio
Greiner, Pietro
Rancati, Dario
Nestor, Bret
Amezgar, Oumaima
Dominici, Francesca
author_facet Battiloro, Claudio
Greiner, Pietro
Rancati, Dario
Nestor, Bret
Amezgar, Oumaima
Dominici, Francesca
contents As learning systems increasingly shape everyday decisions, Algorithmic Collective Action (ACA), i.e., users coordinating changes to shared data to steer model behavior, offers a complement to regulator-side policy and corporate model design. Real-world collective actions have traditionally been decentralized and fragmented into multiple collectives, despite sharing overarching objectives, with each collective differing in size, strategy, and actionable goals. However, most of the ACA literature focuses on single collective settings. To address this, we propose the first comprehensive statistical framework for ACA with multiple collectives acting on the same system. In particular, we focus on collective action in classification, studying how multiple collectives can influence a classifier's behavior. We provide quantitative statistical bounds on the success of the collectives, considering the role and the interplay of the collectives' sizes and the alignment of their goals. We make such bounds computable by each collective with only partial knowledge of other collectives' sizes and strategies. Finally, we numerically illustrate our framework on simulations inspired by interventions for climate adaptation in smart cities, demonstrating the usefulness of our bounds.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_06749
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Statistical Framework for Algorithmic Collective Action with Multiple Collectives
Battiloro, Claudio
Greiner, Pietro
Rancati, Dario
Nestor, Bret
Amezgar, Oumaima
Dominici, Francesca
Methodology
Artificial Intelligence
As learning systems increasingly shape everyday decisions, Algorithmic Collective Action (ACA), i.e., users coordinating changes to shared data to steer model behavior, offers a complement to regulator-side policy and corporate model design. Real-world collective actions have traditionally been decentralized and fragmented into multiple collectives, despite sharing overarching objectives, with each collective differing in size, strategy, and actionable goals. However, most of the ACA literature focuses on single collective settings. To address this, we propose the first comprehensive statistical framework for ACA with multiple collectives acting on the same system. In particular, we focus on collective action in classification, studying how multiple collectives can influence a classifier's behavior. We provide quantitative statistical bounds on the success of the collectives, considering the role and the interplay of the collectives' sizes and the alignment of their goals. We make such bounds computable by each collective with only partial knowledge of other collectives' sizes and strategies. Finally, we numerically illustrate our framework on simulations inspired by interventions for climate adaptation in smart cities, demonstrating the usefulness of our bounds.
title A Statistical Framework for Algorithmic Collective Action with Multiple Collectives
topic Methodology
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06749