Mid-Circuit Measurements for Clifford Noise Reduction in Hamiltonian Simulations
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Brown, James Iaconis, Jason Alexeev, Yuri Joseph, Linta Churchill, Spencer Heitritter, Kenny Aguilar-Calvo, William Roetteler, Martin Suchara, Martin |
| author_facet | Brown, James Iaconis, Jason Alexeev, Yuri Joseph, Linta Churchill, Spencer Heitritter, Kenny Aguilar-Calvo, William Roetteler, Martin Suchara, Martin |
| contents | Quantum simulation of fermionic Hamiltonians is a leading application of quantum computing, but accurate execution on present-day hardware is limited by error accumulation in deep Trotter circuits. We present a device-matched noise-reduction framework for encoded Hamiltonian simulation that combines symplectic-transvection-based Trotter synthesis in the Generalized Superfast Encoding (GSE) with Clifford Noise Reduction (CliNR) and Shor-style stabilizer verification enabled by mid-circuit measurement. We implement this approach for a six-qubit encoded Clifford Trotter step on a Barium development system similar to the forthcoming IonQ Tempo line and benchmark it against direct execution using both hardware experiments and a calibrated device-level noise model. The encoded CliNR execution achieves up to 54% lower logical error rate. Crucially, this advantage disappears when stabilizer readout is deferred to the end of the circuit, showing that timely mid-circuit fault detection, rather than verification overhead alone, drives the improvement. As a proof of concept, we further show that machine-learning-guided stabilizer selection can identify verification operators that outperform random choices. These results demonstrate that encoding-native verification combined with dynamic-circuit primitives can materially improve application-motivated quantum simulation without the full overhead of quantum error correction. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_06792 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Mid-Circuit Measurements for Clifford Noise Reduction in Hamiltonian Simulations Brown, James Iaconis, Jason Alexeev, Yuri Joseph, Linta Churchill, Spencer Heitritter, Kenny Aguilar-Calvo, William Roetteler, Martin Suchara, Martin Quantum Physics Quantum simulation of fermionic Hamiltonians is a leading application of quantum computing, but accurate execution on present-day hardware is limited by error accumulation in deep Trotter circuits. We present a device-matched noise-reduction framework for encoded Hamiltonian simulation that combines symplectic-transvection-based Trotter synthesis in the Generalized Superfast Encoding (GSE) with Clifford Noise Reduction (CliNR) and Shor-style stabilizer verification enabled by mid-circuit measurement. We implement this approach for a six-qubit encoded Clifford Trotter step on a Barium development system similar to the forthcoming IonQ Tempo line and benchmark it against direct execution using both hardware experiments and a calibrated device-level noise model. The encoded CliNR execution achieves up to 54% lower logical error rate. Crucially, this advantage disappears when stabilizer readout is deferred to the end of the circuit, showing that timely mid-circuit fault detection, rather than verification overhead alone, drives the improvement. As a proof of concept, we further show that machine-learning-guided stabilizer selection can identify verification operators that outperform random choices. These results demonstrate that encoding-native verification combined with dynamic-circuit primitives can materially improve application-motivated quantum simulation without the full overhead of quantum error correction. |
| title | Mid-Circuit Measurements for Clifford Noise Reduction in Hamiltonian Simulations |
| topic | Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06792 |