Radio Continuum and Water Maser Monitoring of the Outburst in HOPS 373: Free-Free Emission Does Not Respond to the Outburst
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866910199263002624 |
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| author | Tobin, John Johnstone, Doug Herczeg, Greg Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Ho-Gyu Contreras-Pena, Carlos Yoon, Sung-Yong Mairs, Steve |
| author_facet | Tobin, John Johnstone, Doug Herczeg, Greg Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Ho-Gyu Contreras-Pena, Carlos Yoon, Sung-Yong Mairs, Steve |
| contents | We present VLA C-band (5~cm) continuum, K-band (1.3~cm) continuum, and water maser (22.235 GHz) monitoring of the protostar HOPS-373. We additionally present the contemporaneous monitoring for 95 sources within the 5~cm field of view for over two years during the peak of the HOPS-373 outburst and an additional epoch in 2026. HOPS-373 is a binary Class 0 protostar located in the Orion star forming region that was found to have a $\sim$4$\times$ luminosity burst from the JCMT Transient Survey and NEOWISE monitoring. We do not find evidence for a change in the free-free emission traced by VLA 5~cm continuum during the peak of its outburst or during the decline. Moreover, the 1.3~cm continuum does not show significant variability between the NE and SW components of the HOPS-373 binary. The water maser emission is highly variable toward HOPS-373, multiple velocity components are detected at different (or the same) times and the maser spots are located close to the 1.3~cm continuum source of HOPS-373-SW. There is tentative evidence for the water maser spots to be propagating away from the source, but there is not a robust connection between the outburst and the observed maser activity. The lack of correlation between outburst and free-free emission from HOPS-373 indicates that the free-free emission may not directly respond to increases in the accretion rate and subsequently the outflow rate. The lack of a link could be due to the outflow mostly being neutral, or there may be offsets in the timescale for the free-free response. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_06805 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Radio Continuum and Water Maser Monitoring of the Outburst in HOPS 373: Free-Free Emission Does Not Respond to the Outburst Tobin, John Johnstone, Doug Herczeg, Greg Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Ho-Gyu Contreras-Pena, Carlos Yoon, Sung-Yong Mairs, Steve Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies We present VLA C-band (5~cm) continuum, K-band (1.3~cm) continuum, and water maser (22.235 GHz) monitoring of the protostar HOPS-373. We additionally present the contemporaneous monitoring for 95 sources within the 5~cm field of view for over two years during the peak of the HOPS-373 outburst and an additional epoch in 2026. HOPS-373 is a binary Class 0 protostar located in the Orion star forming region that was found to have a $\sim$4$\times$ luminosity burst from the JCMT Transient Survey and NEOWISE monitoring. We do not find evidence for a change in the free-free emission traced by VLA 5~cm continuum during the peak of its outburst or during the decline. Moreover, the 1.3~cm continuum does not show significant variability between the NE and SW components of the HOPS-373 binary. The water maser emission is highly variable toward HOPS-373, multiple velocity components are detected at different (or the same) times and the maser spots are located close to the 1.3~cm continuum source of HOPS-373-SW. There is tentative evidence for the water maser spots to be propagating away from the source, but there is not a robust connection between the outburst and the observed maser activity. The lack of correlation between outburst and free-free emission from HOPS-373 indicates that the free-free emission may not directly respond to increases in the accretion rate and subsequently the outflow rate. The lack of a link could be due to the outflow mostly being neutral, or there may be offsets in the timescale for the free-free response. |
| title | Radio Continuum and Water Maser Monitoring of the Outburst in HOPS 373: Free-Free Emission Does Not Respond to the Outburst |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06805 |