Mutation-Guided Differentiable Quadratic Combinatorial Optimization

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sun, Yongliang, Alkhouri, Ismail, Huang, Cheng-Han, Velasquez, Alvaro, Jha, Susmit, Wang, Rongrong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Sun, Yongliang
Alkhouri, Ismail
Huang, Cheng-Han
Velasquez, Alvaro
Jha, Susmit
Wang, Rongrong
author_facet Sun, Yongliang
Alkhouri, Ismail
Huang, Cheng-Han
Velasquez, Alvaro
Jha, Susmit
Wang, Rongrong
contents Recent studies suggest that gradient-based methods applied to relaxed box-constrained Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations can outperform classical heuristics in some large-scale regimes, often relying on heavy parallelization. However, these methods still underperform heuristics in other settings. In this work, we clarify this apparent discrepancy through a detailed analysis of the relaxed non-convex QUBO local maxima for both the Maximum Independent Set (MIS) and Maximum Cut (MaxCut) problems, and by introducing a new quadratic objective for MaxCut. Motivated by this analysis, we propose a mutation-based differentiable global reset algorithm, combined with local search to escape local maxima. We term our approach mQO, standing for mutation-based Quadratic combinatorial Optimization. The proposed strategy dramatically improves the performance of gradient-based solvers without heavy reliance on GPU parallelized initializations, indicating that stalling, rather than model capacity or compute, is the dominant bottleneck. As a result, on large-scale graphs, mQO achieves superior performance against state-of-the-art heuristics, commercial integer programming solvers, and recent GPU methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_06921
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Mutation-Guided Differentiable Quadratic Combinatorial Optimization
Sun, Yongliang
Alkhouri, Ismail
Huang, Cheng-Han
Velasquez, Alvaro
Jha, Susmit
Wang, Rongrong
Discrete Mathematics
Recent studies suggest that gradient-based methods applied to relaxed box-constrained Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations can outperform classical heuristics in some large-scale regimes, often relying on heavy parallelization. However, these methods still underperform heuristics in other settings. In this work, we clarify this apparent discrepancy through a detailed analysis of the relaxed non-convex QUBO local maxima for both the Maximum Independent Set (MIS) and Maximum Cut (MaxCut) problems, and by introducing a new quadratic objective for MaxCut. Motivated by this analysis, we propose a mutation-based differentiable global reset algorithm, combined with local search to escape local maxima. We term our approach mQO, standing for mutation-based Quadratic combinatorial Optimization. The proposed strategy dramatically improves the performance of gradient-based solvers without heavy reliance on GPU parallelized initializations, indicating that stalling, rather than model capacity or compute, is the dominant bottleneck. As a result, on large-scale graphs, mQO achieves superior performance against state-of-the-art heuristics, commercial integer programming solvers, and recent GPU methods.
title Mutation-Guided Differentiable Quadratic Combinatorial Optimization
topic Discrete Mathematics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.06921