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Main Authors: Moon, Hyeongdon, Rosé, Carolyn, Stamper, John
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07040
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author Moon, Hyeongdon
Rosé, Carolyn
Stamper, John
author_facet Moon, Hyeongdon
Rosé, Carolyn
Stamper, John
contents Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for tutoring, feedback generation, and content creation, but their broad pretraining makes them hard to constrain and poor substitutes for controllable learners. Educational systems often require inspectable and editable knowledge states: educators want to know what a system assumes the learner knows, and learners benefit when the system can justify actions in terms of explicit skills, misconceptions, and strategies. Inspired by cognitive architectures, we propose Cognitive Agent Compilation (CAC), a framework that uses a strong teacher LLM to compile problem-solving knowledge into an explicit target agent. CAC separates (i) knowledge representation, (ii) problem-solving policy, and (iii) verification and update rules, with the goal of making bounded problem solving more inspectable and editable in educational settings. We present an early proof of concept implemented with Small Language Models that surfaces key design trade-offs, particularly between explicit control and scalable generalization, and positions CAC as an initial step toward bounded-knowledge AI for educational applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_07040
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cognitive Agent Compilation for Explicit Problem Solver Modeling
Moon, Hyeongdon
Rosé, Carolyn
Stamper, John
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for tutoring, feedback generation, and content creation, but their broad pretraining makes them hard to constrain and poor substitutes for controllable learners. Educational systems often require inspectable and editable knowledge states: educators want to know what a system assumes the learner knows, and learners benefit when the system can justify actions in terms of explicit skills, misconceptions, and strategies. Inspired by cognitive architectures, we propose Cognitive Agent Compilation (CAC), a framework that uses a strong teacher LLM to compile problem-solving knowledge into an explicit target agent. CAC separates (i) knowledge representation, (ii) problem-solving policy, and (iii) verification and update rules, with the goal of making bounded problem solving more inspectable and editable in educational settings. We present an early proof of concept implemented with Small Language Models that surfaces key design trade-offs, particularly between explicit control and scalable generalization, and positions CAC as an initial step toward bounded-knowledge AI for educational applications.
title Cognitive Agent Compilation for Explicit Problem Solver Modeling
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07040