Decoupling Semantics and Fingerprints: A Universal Representation for AI-Generated Image Detection
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917498526367744 |
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| author | Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yanxiang Zhao, Pengcheng Diao, Yunfeng Liao, Xin |
| author_facet | Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yanxiang Zhao, Pengcheng Diao, Yunfeng Liao, Xin |
| contents | Detecting AI-generated images across unseen architectures remains challenging, as existing models often overfit to generator-specific fingerprints and semantic content rather than learning universal forgery traces. We attribute this failure to feature entanglement: detectors learn these factors as a single entangled representation, where universal forgery traces are inextricably confounded with both generator-specific fingerprints and semantic content. Crucially, our spectral analysis reveals that this entanglement is avoidable: distinct generator-specific fingerprints (e.g., GAN stripes vs. Diffusion Model spots) occupy disjoint frequency subspaces and coexist as independent superpositions. Leveraging this physical orthogonality, we propose the Orthogonal Decomposition and Purification Network (ODP-Net) to structurally disentangle these factors. Specifically, ODP-Net employs (1) Instance-aware Orthogonal Decomposition to project features into mutually exclusive subspaces: universal forgery traces, generator-specific fingerprints, and semantic content; (2) Perturbation-based Purification to enforce semantic invariance via cross-sample feature injection; and (3) Manifold Alignment to bridge domain gaps. By explicitly decoupling universal forgery traces from generator-specific fingerprints and semantic content, ODP-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on unseen architectures (e.g., Stable Diffusion 3), validating that structural disentanglement is key to generalization. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_07074 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Decoupling Semantics and Fingerprints: A Universal Representation for AI-Generated Image Detection Wang, Zhiyuan Chen, Yanxiang Zhao, Pengcheng Diao, Yunfeng Liao, Xin Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Detecting AI-generated images across unseen architectures remains challenging, as existing models often overfit to generator-specific fingerprints and semantic content rather than learning universal forgery traces. We attribute this failure to feature entanglement: detectors learn these factors as a single entangled representation, where universal forgery traces are inextricably confounded with both generator-specific fingerprints and semantic content. Crucially, our spectral analysis reveals that this entanglement is avoidable: distinct generator-specific fingerprints (e.g., GAN stripes vs. Diffusion Model spots) occupy disjoint frequency subspaces and coexist as independent superpositions. Leveraging this physical orthogonality, we propose the Orthogonal Decomposition and Purification Network (ODP-Net) to structurally disentangle these factors. Specifically, ODP-Net employs (1) Instance-aware Orthogonal Decomposition to project features into mutually exclusive subspaces: universal forgery traces, generator-specific fingerprints, and semantic content; (2) Perturbation-based Purification to enforce semantic invariance via cross-sample feature injection; and (3) Manifold Alignment to bridge domain gaps. By explicitly decoupling universal forgery traces from generator-specific fingerprints and semantic content, ODP-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance on unseen architectures (e.g., Stable Diffusion 3), validating that structural disentanglement is key to generalization. |
| title | Decoupling Semantics and Fingerprints: A Universal Representation for AI-Generated Image Detection |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07074 |