Solving Max-Cut to Global Optimality via Feasibility-Preserving Graph Neural Networks

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Chen, Hao, Qian, Chendi, Morris, Christopher, Lodi, Andrea, Li, Can
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Chen, Hao
Qian, Chendi
Morris, Christopher
Lodi, Andrea
Li, Can
author_facet Chen, Hao
Qian, Chendi
Morris, Christopher
Lodi, Andrea
Li, Can
contents Exact solution of hard combinatorial optimization problems often relies on strong convex relaxations, but solving these relaxations repeatedly inside a branch-and-bound algorithm can be prohibitively expensive. Hence, we consider this challenge for Max-Cut, where branch and bound commonly uses semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations to bound subproblems. We propose a Max-Cut-specific graph neural network that serves as a principled, lightweight neural proxy for these SDP solvers and can be plugged directly into an exact branch-and-bound framework. The proposed architecture has update steps of complexity $\mathcal{O}(n^2 + ne)$, and predicts both primal- and dual-feasible SDP solutions. The primal SDP solutions yield feasible Max-Cut solutions via the Goemans--Williamson algorithm. In addition, it is trained in a self-supervised fashion without requiring solved SDP relaxations as labels. Empirically, we show that our architecture can substantially reduce the cost of bounding in exact Max-Cut solving by up to $10.6 \times$ compared with using the state-of-the-art SDP solver Mosek. Our work highlights the potential of learned, validity-preserving surrogates for accelerating exact optimization over structured convex relaxations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_07113
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Solving Max-Cut to Global Optimality via Feasibility-Preserving Graph Neural Networks
Chen, Hao
Qian, Chendi
Morris, Christopher
Lodi, Andrea
Li, Can
Machine Learning
Optimization and Control
Exact solution of hard combinatorial optimization problems often relies on strong convex relaxations, but solving these relaxations repeatedly inside a branch-and-bound algorithm can be prohibitively expensive. Hence, we consider this challenge for Max-Cut, where branch and bound commonly uses semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxations to bound subproblems. We propose a Max-Cut-specific graph neural network that serves as a principled, lightweight neural proxy for these SDP solvers and can be plugged directly into an exact branch-and-bound framework. The proposed architecture has update steps of complexity $\mathcal{O}(n^2 + ne)$, and predicts both primal- and dual-feasible SDP solutions. The primal SDP solutions yield feasible Max-Cut solutions via the Goemans--Williamson algorithm. In addition, it is trained in a self-supervised fashion without requiring solved SDP relaxations as labels. Empirically, we show that our architecture can substantially reduce the cost of bounding in exact Max-Cut solving by up to $10.6 \times$ compared with using the state-of-the-art SDP solver Mosek. Our work highlights the potential of learned, validity-preserving surrogates for accelerating exact optimization over structured convex relaxations.
title Solving Max-Cut to Global Optimality via Feasibility-Preserving Graph Neural Networks
topic Machine Learning
Optimization and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07113