Optimal Recourse Summaries via Bi-Objective Decision Tree Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Chatzis, Ioannis, Liartis, Jason, Voulodimos, Athanasios, Stamou, Giorgos
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Chatzis, Ioannis
Liartis, Jason
Voulodimos, Athanasios
Stamou, Giorgos
author_facet Chatzis, Ioannis
Liartis, Jason
Voulodimos, Athanasios
Stamou, Giorgos
contents Actionable Recourse provides individuals with actions they can take to change an unfavorable classifier outcome. While useful at the instance level, it is ill-suited for global auditing and bias detection, since aggregating local actions is costly and often inconsistent. Recourse Summaries address this limitation by partitioning the population and assigning one shared action per subgroup, enabling comparison across subgroups. Designing summaries involves a fundamental trade-off between recourse effectiveness and recourse cost, which existing methods do not adequately address. We introduce Summaries of Optimal and Global Actionable Recourse (SOGAR), which formulates recourse summary learning as an optimal decision tree learning problem and finds the Pareto front -- the complete set of solutions where improving one objective necessarily worsens the other. SOGAR enables post-hoc selection of the desired trade-off without retraining. Using shallow axis-parallel decision trees and sparse leaf actions, SOGAR produces stable, low-cost, and effective recourse summaries that outperform existing approaches across effectiveness and cost metrics.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_07598
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimal Recourse Summaries via Bi-Objective Decision Tree Learning
Chatzis, Ioannis
Liartis, Jason
Voulodimos, Athanasios
Stamou, Giorgos
Machine Learning
Actionable Recourse provides individuals with actions they can take to change an unfavorable classifier outcome. While useful at the instance level, it is ill-suited for global auditing and bias detection, since aggregating local actions is costly and often inconsistent. Recourse Summaries address this limitation by partitioning the population and assigning one shared action per subgroup, enabling comparison across subgroups. Designing summaries involves a fundamental trade-off between recourse effectiveness and recourse cost, which existing methods do not adequately address. We introduce Summaries of Optimal and Global Actionable Recourse (SOGAR), which formulates recourse summary learning as an optimal decision tree learning problem and finds the Pareto front -- the complete set of solutions where improving one objective necessarily worsens the other. SOGAR enables post-hoc selection of the desired trade-off without retraining. Using shallow axis-parallel decision trees and sparse leaf actions, SOGAR produces stable, low-cost, and effective recourse summaries that outperform existing approaches across effectiveness and cost metrics.
title Optimal Recourse Summaries via Bi-Objective Decision Tree Learning
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.07598