Frequency Ordered Ratio Families Arising from the Factorization of $p_{m-1}+1$

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Povolotsky, Alexander R
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Povolotsky, Alexander R
author_facet Povolotsky, Alexander R
contents We investigate a ratio sequence derived from the factorization of $p_{m-1} + 1$, where $p_n$ denotes the $n$th prime. For each $m \geq 3$, write $p_{m-1} + 1 = L_m R_m$ with $L_m$ the largest prime factor. Restricting to those $m$ for which $L_m > m$ (equivalently, $m \in \text{A223881}$), we obtain a multiset of values $R_m$. Since $p_{m-1}+1$ is even and $L_m > 3$ is odd, all values of $R_m$ are strictly even. Sorting the distinct $R_m$ by decreasing frequency yields a new sequence beginning $2, 6, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 \dots$. This article explains how this construction arises naturally from the structure of A223881, why the ``family'' phenomenon appears in plots of $p_{m-1} + 1$, and how the frequency ordering of $R_m$ captures the dominant families. Additionally, we propose a heuristic asymptotic model explaining the observed frequency ordering via classical results on primes in arithmetic progressions and support the model with numerical log-log analysis.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_08256
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Frequency Ordered Ratio Families Arising from the Factorization of $p_{m-1}+1$
Povolotsky, Alexander R
Number Theory
We investigate a ratio sequence derived from the factorization of $p_{m-1} + 1$, where $p_n$ denotes the $n$th prime. For each $m \geq 3$, write $p_{m-1} + 1 = L_m R_m$ with $L_m$ the largest prime factor. Restricting to those $m$ for which $L_m > m$ (equivalently, $m \in \text{A223881}$), we obtain a multiset of values $R_m$. Since $p_{m-1}+1$ is even and $L_m > 3$ is odd, all values of $R_m$ are strictly even. Sorting the distinct $R_m$ by decreasing frequency yields a new sequence beginning $2, 6, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 \dots$. This article explains how this construction arises naturally from the structure of A223881, why the ``family'' phenomenon appears in plots of $p_{m-1} + 1$, and how the frequency ordering of $R_m$ captures the dominant families. Additionally, we propose a heuristic asymptotic model explaining the observed frequency ordering via classical results on primes in arithmetic progressions and support the model with numerical log-log analysis.
title Frequency Ordered Ratio Families Arising from the Factorization of $p_{m-1}+1$
topic Number Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.08256