Reinforcing Multimodal Reasoning Against Visual Degradation

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Liu, Rui, Yu, Dian, Liu, Haolin, Shi, Yucheng, Zheng, Tong, Dai, Runpeng, Mi, Haitao, Tokekar, Pratap, Leoweiliang
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Liu, Rui
Yu, Dian
Liu, Haolin
Shi, Yucheng
Zheng, Tong
Dai, Runpeng
Mi, Haitao
Tokekar, Pratap
Leoweiliang
author_facet Liu, Rui
Yu, Dian
Liu, Haolin
Shi, Yucheng
Zheng, Tong
Dai, Runpeng
Mi, Haitao
Tokekar, Pratap
Leoweiliang
contents Reinforcement Learning has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet the resulting policies remain brittle against real-world visual degradations such as blur, compression artifacts, and low-resolution scans. Prior robustness techniques from vision and deep RL rely on static data augmentation or value-based regularization, neither of which transfers cleanly to critic-free RL fine-tuning of autoregressive MLLMs. Reinforcing reasoning against such corruptions is non-trivial: naively injecting degraded views during rollout induces reward poisoning, where perceptual occlusions trigger hallucinated trajectories and destabilize optimization. We propose ROMA, an RL fine-tuning framework that modifies the optimization dynamics to reinforce reasoning against visual degradation while preserving clean-input performance. A dual-forward-pass strategy uses teacher forcing to evaluate corrupted views against clean-image trajectories, avoiding new rollouts on degraded inputs. For distributional consistency, we apply a token-level surrogate KL penalty against the worst-case augmentation; to prevent policy collapse under regularization, an auxiliary policy gradient loss anchored to clean-image advantages preserves a reliable reward signal; and to avoid systematically incorrect invariance, correctness-conditioned regularization restricts enforcement to successful trajectories. On Qwen3-VL 4B/8B across seven multimodal reasoning benchmarks, our method improves robustness by +2.4% on seen and +2.3% on unseen corruptions over GRPO while matching clean accuracy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_09262
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Reinforcing Multimodal Reasoning Against Visual Degradation
Liu, Rui
Yu, Dian
Liu, Haolin
Shi, Yucheng
Zheng, Tong
Dai, Runpeng
Mi, Haitao
Tokekar, Pratap
Leoweiliang
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computation and Language
Reinforcement Learning has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet the resulting policies remain brittle against real-world visual degradations such as blur, compression artifacts, and low-resolution scans. Prior robustness techniques from vision and deep RL rely on static data augmentation or value-based regularization, neither of which transfers cleanly to critic-free RL fine-tuning of autoregressive MLLMs. Reinforcing reasoning against such corruptions is non-trivial: naively injecting degraded views during rollout induces reward poisoning, where perceptual occlusions trigger hallucinated trajectories and destabilize optimization. We propose ROMA, an RL fine-tuning framework that modifies the optimization dynamics to reinforce reasoning against visual degradation while preserving clean-input performance. A dual-forward-pass strategy uses teacher forcing to evaluate corrupted views against clean-image trajectories, avoiding new rollouts on degraded inputs. For distributional consistency, we apply a token-level surrogate KL penalty against the worst-case augmentation; to prevent policy collapse under regularization, an auxiliary policy gradient loss anchored to clean-image advantages preserves a reliable reward signal; and to avoid systematically incorrect invariance, correctness-conditioned regularization restricts enforcement to successful trajectories. On Qwen3-VL 4B/8B across seven multimodal reasoning benchmarks, our method improves robustness by +2.4% on seen and +2.3% on unseen corruptions over GRPO while matching clean accuracy.
title Reinforcing Multimodal Reasoning Against Visual Degradation
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09262