RePO-VLA: Recovery-Driven Policy Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liufu, Weijia, Guo, Xiaoyu, Chen, Ruiyi, Liu, Jingzhi, Zhang, Kaidong, Liang, Xiwen, Lin, Jianqi, Sun, Dawei, Wang, Yuze, Xu, Rongtao, Lin, Bingqian, Yang, Bowen, Cao, Tongtong, Peng, Bowen, Zhang, Dongyu, Wang, Guangrun, Wang, Min, Lin, Liang, Liang, Xiaodan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liufu, Weijia
Guo, Xiaoyu
Chen, Ruiyi
Liu, Jingzhi
Zhang, Kaidong
Liang, Xiwen
Lin, Jianqi
Sun, Dawei
Wang, Yuze
Xu, Rongtao
Lin, Bingqian
Yang, Bowen
Cao, Tongtong
Peng, Bowen
Zhang, Dongyu
Wang, Guangrun
Wang, Min
Lin, Liang
Liang, Xiaodan
author_facet Liufu, Weijia
Guo, Xiaoyu
Chen, Ruiyi
Liu, Jingzhi
Zhang, Kaidong
Liang, Xiwen
Lin, Jianqi
Sun, Dawei
Wang, Yuze
Xu, Rongtao
Lin, Bingqian
Yang, Bowen
Cao, Tongtong
Peng, Bowen
Zhang, Dongyu
Wang, Guangrun
Wang, Min
Lin, Liang
Liang, Xiaodan
contents Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remain brittle in long-horizon, contact-rich manipulation because success-only imitation provides little supervision for execution drift, while failed rollouts are often discarded. We introduce RePO-VLA, a recovery-driven policy optimization framework that assigns distinct roles to success, recovery, and failure trajectories. RePO-VLA first applies Recovery-Aware Initialization (RAI), slicing recovery segments and resetting history so corrective actions depend on the current adverse state rather than the preceding failure. It then learns a Progress-Aware Semantic Value Function (PAS-VF), aligning spatiotemporal trajectory features with instructions and successful references. The resulting labels salvage useful failure prefixes via reliability decay, while low-value labels mark drift and terminal breakdowns, teaching differences among nominal, failed, and corrective actions. The data engine turns adverse states into planner-generated or human-collected corrective rollouts, teaching recovery to the success manifold. Value-Conditioned Refinement (VCR) trains the policy to prefer high-progress actions. At deployment, a fixed high value ($v=1.0$) biases actions toward the learned success manifold without online failure detectors or heuristic retries. We introduce FRBench, with standardized error injection and recovery-focused evaluation. Across simulated and real-world bimanual tasks, RePO-VLA improves robustness, raising adversarial success from 20% to 75% on average and up to 80% in scaled real-world trials.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_09410
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle RePO-VLA: Recovery-Driven Policy Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models
Liufu, Weijia
Guo, Xiaoyu
Chen, Ruiyi
Liu, Jingzhi
Zhang, Kaidong
Liang, Xiwen
Lin, Jianqi
Sun, Dawei
Wang, Yuze
Xu, Rongtao
Lin, Bingqian
Yang, Bowen
Cao, Tongtong
Peng, Bowen
Zhang, Dongyu
Wang, Guangrun
Wang, Min
Lin, Liang
Liang, Xiaodan
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remain brittle in long-horizon, contact-rich manipulation because success-only imitation provides little supervision for execution drift, while failed rollouts are often discarded. We introduce RePO-VLA, a recovery-driven policy optimization framework that assigns distinct roles to success, recovery, and failure trajectories. RePO-VLA first applies Recovery-Aware Initialization (RAI), slicing recovery segments and resetting history so corrective actions depend on the current adverse state rather than the preceding failure. It then learns a Progress-Aware Semantic Value Function (PAS-VF), aligning spatiotemporal trajectory features with instructions and successful references. The resulting labels salvage useful failure prefixes via reliability decay, while low-value labels mark drift and terminal breakdowns, teaching differences among nominal, failed, and corrective actions. The data engine turns adverse states into planner-generated or human-collected corrective rollouts, teaching recovery to the success manifold. Value-Conditioned Refinement (VCR) trains the policy to prefer high-progress actions. At deployment, a fixed high value ($v=1.0$) biases actions toward the learned success manifold without online failure detectors or heuristic retries. We introduce FRBench, with standardized error injection and recovery-focused evaluation. Across simulated and real-world bimanual tasks, RePO-VLA improves robustness, raising adversarial success from 20% to 75% on average and up to 80% in scaled real-world trials.
title RePO-VLA: Recovery-Driven Policy Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09410