Trust Me, Import This: Dependency Steering Attacks via Malicious Agent Skills

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Liu, Yiyong, Hsu, Chia-Yi, Huang, Chun-Ying, Backes, Michael, Wen, Rui, Yu, Chia-Mu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Liu, Yiyong
Hsu, Chia-Yi
Huang, Chun-Ying
Backes, Michael
Wen, Rui
Yu, Chia-Mu
author_facet Liu, Yiyong
Hsu, Chia-Yi
Huang, Chun-Ying
Backes, Michael
Wen, Rui
Yu, Chia-Mu
contents LLM-powered coding agents increasingly make software supply chain decisions. They generate imports, recommend packages, and write installation commands. Prior work showed that these systems can hallucinate non-existent package names, which attackers may register as malicious packages. In this paper, we show that this risk is not only a passive model failure. It can be actively induced through the persistent Skill artifact. We introduce Dependency Steering, an attack paradigm in which a malicious Skill biases a coding agent toward an attacker-controlled package during benign coding tasks. The attack does not require modifying model weights, training data, or user prompts. To construct realistic attacks, we design a Skill-level optimization method that searches for localized semantic edits that preserve the apparent purpose of the original Skill while increasing targeted package generation. Across multiple coding-oriented LLMs and programming benchmarks, Dependency Steering achieves high targeted hallucination rates, transfers across models and task domains, and remains difficult for evaluated Skill scanners and LLM-based auditors to detect. Our results show that persistent agent instructions form an underexplored software supply chain attack surface.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_09594
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Trust Me, Import This: Dependency Steering Attacks via Malicious Agent Skills
Liu, Yiyong
Hsu, Chia-Yi
Huang, Chun-Ying
Backes, Michael
Wen, Rui
Yu, Chia-Mu
Cryptography and Security
LLM-powered coding agents increasingly make software supply chain decisions. They generate imports, recommend packages, and write installation commands. Prior work showed that these systems can hallucinate non-existent package names, which attackers may register as malicious packages. In this paper, we show that this risk is not only a passive model failure. It can be actively induced through the persistent Skill artifact. We introduce Dependency Steering, an attack paradigm in which a malicious Skill biases a coding agent toward an attacker-controlled package during benign coding tasks. The attack does not require modifying model weights, training data, or user prompts. To construct realistic attacks, we design a Skill-level optimization method that searches for localized semantic edits that preserve the apparent purpose of the original Skill while increasing targeted package generation. Across multiple coding-oriented LLMs and programming benchmarks, Dependency Steering achieves high targeted hallucination rates, transfers across models and task domains, and remains difficult for evaluated Skill scanners and LLM-based auditors to detect. Our results show that persistent agent instructions form an underexplored software supply chain attack surface.
title Trust Me, Import This: Dependency Steering Attacks via Malicious Agent Skills
topic Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09594