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Main Authors: Liu, Hao, Liu, Jicheng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09900
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author Liu, Hao
Liu, Jicheng
author_facet Liu, Hao
Liu, Jicheng
contents A vision-language model can look at a knot diagram and report what it sees, yet fail to act on that structure. KnotBench pairs an 858,318-image corpus from 1,951 prime-knot prototypes (crossing numbers 3 to 19) with a protocol whose answers are checked against Regina's canonical knot signature. Its 14 tasks span four families, equivalence judgment, move prediction, identification, and cross-modal grounding; an image-versus-symbol split locates failures along the perception-operation gap. We score Claude Opus 4.7 and GPT-5, each with and without thinking, under a 64K output-token budget matched on both vendors. Across 56 (task, model) cases, 15 sit at or below a random baseline and 8 of 14 tasks have a best score under 1.5x random. On diagram-to-symbol transcription, no model produces a strictly correct string, and permissive Regina decoding recovers the knot in 0 to 4 of 100 items. Thinking-mode reasoning lifts overall accuracy by 1.65 points for Claude and 9.25 points for GPT-5, narrowing the gap only modestly. Read together, the four families suggest current vision-language models hold features of a diagram but lack apparatus to simulate moves on those features.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_09900
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Gordian Knot for VLMs: Diagrammatic Knot Reasoning as a Hard Benchmark
Liu, Hao
Liu, Jicheng
Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
68T07, 57K10
I.2.10; I.2.7
A vision-language model can look at a knot diagram and report what it sees, yet fail to act on that structure. KnotBench pairs an 858,318-image corpus from 1,951 prime-knot prototypes (crossing numbers 3 to 19) with a protocol whose answers are checked against Regina's canonical knot signature. Its 14 tasks span four families, equivalence judgment, move prediction, identification, and cross-modal grounding; an image-versus-symbol split locates failures along the perception-operation gap. We score Claude Opus 4.7 and GPT-5, each with and without thinking, under a 64K output-token budget matched on both vendors. Across 56 (task, model) cases, 15 sit at or below a random baseline and 8 of 14 tasks have a best score under 1.5x random. On diagram-to-symbol transcription, no model produces a strictly correct string, and permissive Regina decoding recovers the knot in 0 to 4 of 100 items. Thinking-mode reasoning lifts overall accuracy by 1.65 points for Claude and 9.25 points for GPT-5, narrowing the gap only modestly. Read together, the four families suggest current vision-language models hold features of a diagram but lack apparatus to simulate moves on those features.
title The Gordian Knot for VLMs: Diagrammatic Knot Reasoning as a Hard Benchmark
topic Artificial Intelligence
Computation and Language
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
68T07, 57K10
I.2.10; I.2.7
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09900