Information Extraction of Nested Complex Structure of Quantum Cascade Lasers via Large Language Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Fang, Xiao, Lü, Ming, Liang, Hanwen, Song, Xingshen, Xu, Kele, Cai, Hui, Zhang, Chaofan
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Fang, Xiao
Lü, Ming
Liang, Hanwen
Song, Xingshen
Xu, Kele
Cai, Hui
Zhang, Chaofan
author_facet Fang, Xiao
Lü, Ming
Liang, Hanwen
Song, Xingshen
Xu, Kele
Cai, Hui
Zhang, Chaofan
contents The rapid advancement of Large Language Models has transformed scientific research workflows, including enabling the automated extraction of data directly from published literature. Most existing efforts, however, focus on extracting simple labeled key-value entities, whereas many scientific applications require more complex, hierarchically structured data. A representative example is Quantum Cascade Lasers, whose device architectures are defined by tens of interdependent parameters organized in nested layer sequences. In this work we propose a \emph{JSON-Schema Guided Information Extraction Pipeline} (JSG-IE) that enables reliable extraction of deeply structured device data without model fine-tuning. By transforming extraction into a schema-constrained generation task, our approach significantly improves structural consistency and accuracy. Across 12 state-of-the-art LLMs, a properly designed JSON Schema improves performance by 5.7\% over conventional prompting, with the highest $F_1$ score up to 83.4\%, achieved by the reasoning-enabled Kimi-k2-thinking model. Importantly, this performance enhancement is most significant for mid-tier and open-source models, where $F_1$ gains reach as high as 24.1\%, effectively enabling these widely accessible models to achieve extraction fidelity previously restricted to much larger architectures. This framework provides a scalable path toward automated construction of high-fidelity device databases, accelerating data-driven optoelectronic design.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_09927
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Information Extraction of Nested Complex Structure of Quantum Cascade Lasers via Large Language Models
Fang, Xiao
Lü, Ming
Liang, Hanwen
Song, Xingshen
Xu, Kele
Cai, Hui
Zhang, Chaofan
Optics
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
The rapid advancement of Large Language Models has transformed scientific research workflows, including enabling the automated extraction of data directly from published literature. Most existing efforts, however, focus on extracting simple labeled key-value entities, whereas many scientific applications require more complex, hierarchically structured data. A representative example is Quantum Cascade Lasers, whose device architectures are defined by tens of interdependent parameters organized in nested layer sequences. In this work we propose a \emph{JSON-Schema Guided Information Extraction Pipeline} (JSG-IE) that enables reliable extraction of deeply structured device data without model fine-tuning. By transforming extraction into a schema-constrained generation task, our approach significantly improves structural consistency and accuracy. Across 12 state-of-the-art LLMs, a properly designed JSON Schema improves performance by 5.7\% over conventional prompting, with the highest $F_1$ score up to 83.4\%, achieved by the reasoning-enabled Kimi-k2-thinking model. Importantly, this performance enhancement is most significant for mid-tier and open-source models, where $F_1$ gains reach as high as 24.1\%, effectively enabling these widely accessible models to achieve extraction fidelity previously restricted to much larger architectures. This framework provides a scalable path toward automated construction of high-fidelity device databases, accelerating data-driven optoelectronic design.
title Information Extraction of Nested Complex Structure of Quantum Cascade Lasers via Large Language Models
topic Optics
Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09927