Unsupervised Online Channel Estimation for High-Mobility OFDM via Implicit Neural Representation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Shi, Bohao, Qi, Tianfu, Chen, Xiaonan, Wang, Jun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866916000205635584
author Shi, Bohao
Qi, Tianfu
Chen, Xiaonan
Wang, Jun
author_facet Shi, Bohao
Qi, Tianfu
Chen, Xiaonan
Wang, Jun
contents Accurate channel estimation remains challenging in high-mobility wireless systems because Doppler shifts induce severe inter-carrier interference (ICI) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). We propose an unsupervised online channel estimation framework based on Implicit Neural Representation (INR). Unlike discrete-grid estimators, the proposed method decouples channel representation from the OFDM sampling resolution by modeling the time-varying frequency-selective channel as a continuous function of time-frequency coordinates. A Sinusoidal Representation Network (SIREN) with Gaussian Fourier feature mapping captures fine-grained channel variations and high-frequency details without offline pre-training or labeled data. For each received slot, the network parameters are updated by per-slot online fitting that minimizes a physics-aware ICI loss, while a confidence-aware decision-directed loop balances reliable pilots and dynamically harvested pseudo-pilots. Simulations in realistic Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) environments show that the proposed method achieves near-optimal link-level reliability, significantly outperforming Least Squares (LS) and robust Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) estimators. Compared with supervised deep learning baselines, it also exhibits strong out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness under environmental distribution shifts, establishing an adaptable data-efficient physical-layer paradigm.
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publishDate 2026
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spellingShingle Unsupervised Online Channel Estimation for High-Mobility OFDM via Implicit Neural Representation
Shi, Bohao
Qi, Tianfu
Chen, Xiaonan
Wang, Jun
Signal Processing
Accurate channel estimation remains challenging in high-mobility wireless systems because Doppler shifts induce severe inter-carrier interference (ICI) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). We propose an unsupervised online channel estimation framework based on Implicit Neural Representation (INR). Unlike discrete-grid estimators, the proposed method decouples channel representation from the OFDM sampling resolution by modeling the time-varying frequency-selective channel as a continuous function of time-frequency coordinates. A Sinusoidal Representation Network (SIREN) with Gaussian Fourier feature mapping captures fine-grained channel variations and high-frequency details without offline pre-training or labeled data. For each received slot, the network parameters are updated by per-slot online fitting that minimizes a physics-aware ICI loss, while a confidence-aware decision-directed loop balances reliable pilots and dynamically harvested pseudo-pilots. Simulations in realistic Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) environments show that the proposed method achieves near-optimal link-level reliability, significantly outperforming Least Squares (LS) and robust Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) estimators. Compared with supervised deep learning baselines, it also exhibits strong out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness under environmental distribution shifts, establishing an adaptable data-efficient physical-layer paradigm.
title Unsupervised Online Channel Estimation for High-Mobility OFDM via Implicit Neural Representation
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10213