LLMs for Secure Hardware Design and Related Problems: Opportunities and Challenges

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Knechtel, Johann, Sinanoglu, Ozgur, Karri, Ramesh
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Knechtel, Johann
Sinanoglu, Ozgur
Karri, Ramesh
author_facet Knechtel, Johann
Sinanoglu, Ozgur
Karri, Ramesh
contents The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and hardware security is rapidly reshaping the semiconductor industry. While LLMs offer unprecedented capabilities in generating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code, automating testbenches, and bridging the semantic gap between high-level specifications and silicon, they simultaneously introduce severe vulnerabilities. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in LLM-driven hardware design, organized around key advancements in EDA synthesis, hardware trust, design for security, and education. We systematically expand on the methodologies of recent breakthroughs -- from reasoning-driven synthesis and multi-agent vulnerability extraction to data contamination and adversarial machine learning (ML) evasion. We integrate general discussions on critical countermeasures, such as dynamic benchmarking to combat data memorization and aggressive red-teaming for robust security assessment. Finally, we synthesize cross-cutting lessons learned to guide future research toward secure, trustworthy, and autonomous design ecosystems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_10807
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LLMs for Secure Hardware Design and Related Problems: Opportunities and Challenges
Knechtel, Johann
Sinanoglu, Ozgur
Karri, Ramesh
Cryptography and Security
Hardware Architecture
Machine Learning
The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Electronic Design Automation (EDA) and hardware security is rapidly reshaping the semiconductor industry. While LLMs offer unprecedented capabilities in generating Register Transfer Level (RTL) code, automating testbenches, and bridging the semantic gap between high-level specifications and silicon, they simultaneously introduce severe vulnerabilities. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the state-of-the-art in LLM-driven hardware design, organized around key advancements in EDA synthesis, hardware trust, design for security, and education. We systematically expand on the methodologies of recent breakthroughs -- from reasoning-driven synthesis and multi-agent vulnerability extraction to data contamination and adversarial machine learning (ML) evasion. We integrate general discussions on critical countermeasures, such as dynamic benchmarking to combat data memorization and aggressive red-teaming for robust security assessment. Finally, we synthesize cross-cutting lessons learned to guide future research toward secure, trustworthy, and autonomous design ecosystems.
title LLMs for Secure Hardware Design and Related Problems: Opportunities and Challenges
topic Cryptography and Security
Hardware Architecture
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10807