ALAM: Algebraically Consistent Latent Action Model for Vision-Language-Action Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Tang, Zuojin, Liu, Haoyun, Chang, Xinyuan, Wu, Changjie, Huo, Dongjie, Yang, Yandan, Liu, Bin, Cai, Zhejia, Xiong, Feng, Xu, Mu, Luo, jiachen, Ma, De, Ma, Zhiheng, Pan, Gang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Tang, Zuojin
Liu, Haoyun
Chang, Xinyuan
Wu, Changjie
Huo, Dongjie
Yang, Yandan
Liu, Bin
Cai, Zhejia
Xiong, Feng
Xu, Mu
Luo, jiachen
Ma, De
Ma, Zhiheng
Pan, Gang
author_facet Tang, Zuojin
Liu, Haoyun
Chang, Xinyuan
Wu, Changjie
Huo, Dongjie
Yang, Yandan
Liu, Bin
Cai, Zhejia
Xiong, Feng
Xu, Mu
Luo, jiachen
Ma, De
Ma, Zhiheng
Pan, Gang
contents Vision-language-action (VLA) models remain constrained by the scarcity of action-labeled robot data, whereas action-free videos provide abundant evidence of how the physical world changes. Latent action models offer a promising way to extract such priors from videos, but reconstruction-trained latent codes are not necessarily suitable for policy generation: they may predict future observations while lacking the structure needed to be reused or generated coherently with robot actions. We introduce ALAM (Algebraic Latent Action Model), an Algebraically Consistent Latent Action Model that turns temporal relations in action-free video into structural supervision. Given frame triplets, ALAM learns latent transitions that are grounded by reconstruction while being regularized by composition and reversal consistency, encouraging a locally additive transition space. For downstream VLA learning, we freeze the pretrained encoder and use its latent transition sequences as auxiliary generative targets, co-generated with robot actions under a joint flow-matching objective. This couples structured latent transitions with flow-based policy generation, allowing the policy to exploit ALAM's locally consistent transition geometry without requiring latent-to-action decoding. Representation probes show that ALAM reduces additivity and reversibility errors by 25-85 times over unstructured latent-action baselines and improves long-horizon cumulative reconstruction. When transferred to VLA policies, ALAM raises the average success rate from 47.9% to 85.0% on MetaWorld MT50 and from 94.1% to 98.1% on LIBERO, with consistent gains on real-world manipulation tasks. Ablations further confirm that the strongest improvements arise from the synergy between algebraically structured latent transitions and joint flow matching.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_10819
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ALAM: Algebraically Consistent Latent Action Model for Vision-Language-Action Models
Tang, Zuojin
Liu, Haoyun
Chang, Xinyuan
Wu, Changjie
Huo, Dongjie
Yang, Yandan
Liu, Bin
Cai, Zhejia
Xiong, Feng
Xu, Mu
Luo, jiachen
Ma, De
Ma, Zhiheng
Pan, Gang
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Vision-language-action (VLA) models remain constrained by the scarcity of action-labeled robot data, whereas action-free videos provide abundant evidence of how the physical world changes. Latent action models offer a promising way to extract such priors from videos, but reconstruction-trained latent codes are not necessarily suitable for policy generation: they may predict future observations while lacking the structure needed to be reused or generated coherently with robot actions. We introduce ALAM (Algebraic Latent Action Model), an Algebraically Consistent Latent Action Model that turns temporal relations in action-free video into structural supervision. Given frame triplets, ALAM learns latent transitions that are grounded by reconstruction while being regularized by composition and reversal consistency, encouraging a locally additive transition space. For downstream VLA learning, we freeze the pretrained encoder and use its latent transition sequences as auxiliary generative targets, co-generated with robot actions under a joint flow-matching objective. This couples structured latent transitions with flow-based policy generation, allowing the policy to exploit ALAM's locally consistent transition geometry without requiring latent-to-action decoding. Representation probes show that ALAM reduces additivity and reversibility errors by 25-85 times over unstructured latent-action baselines and improves long-horizon cumulative reconstruction. When transferred to VLA policies, ALAM raises the average success rate from 47.9% to 85.0% on MetaWorld MT50 and from 94.1% to 98.1% on LIBERO, with consistent gains on real-world manipulation tasks. Ablations further confirm that the strongest improvements arise from the synergy between algebraically structured latent transitions and joint flow matching.
title ALAM: Algebraically Consistent Latent Action Model for Vision-Language-Action Models
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10819