Equivariant Reinforcement Learning for Clifford Quantum Circuit Synthesis

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Yeung, Richie, Kissinger, Aleks, Cornish, Rob
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2026
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author Yeung, Richie
Kissinger, Aleks
Cornish, Rob
author_facet Yeung, Richie
Kissinger, Aleks
Cornish, Rob
contents We consider the problem of synthesizing Clifford quantum circuits for devices with all-to-all qubit connectivity. We approach this task as a reinforcement learning problem in which an agent learns to discover a sequence of elementary Clifford gates that reduces a given symplectic matrix representation of a Clifford circuit to the identity. This formulation permits a simple learning curriculum based on random walks from the identity. We introduce a novel neural network architecture that is equivariant to qubit relabelings of the symplectic matrix representation, and which is size-agnostic, allowing a single learned policy to be applied across different qubit counts without circuit splicing or network reparameterization. On six-qubit Clifford circuits, the largest regime for which optimal references are available, our agent finds circuits within one two-qubit gate of optimality in milliseconds per instance, and finds optimal circuits in 99.2% of instances within seconds per instance. After continued training on ten-qubit instances, the agent scales to unseen Clifford tableaus with up to thirty qubits, including targets generated from circuits with over a thousand Clifford gates, where it achieves lower average two-qubit gate counts than Qiskit's Aaronson-Gottesman and greedy Clifford synthesizers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_10910
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Equivariant Reinforcement Learning for Clifford Quantum Circuit Synthesis
Yeung, Richie
Kissinger, Aleks
Cornish, Rob
Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
We consider the problem of synthesizing Clifford quantum circuits for devices with all-to-all qubit connectivity. We approach this task as a reinforcement learning problem in which an agent learns to discover a sequence of elementary Clifford gates that reduces a given symplectic matrix representation of a Clifford circuit to the identity. This formulation permits a simple learning curriculum based on random walks from the identity. We introduce a novel neural network architecture that is equivariant to qubit relabelings of the symplectic matrix representation, and which is size-agnostic, allowing a single learned policy to be applied across different qubit counts without circuit splicing or network reparameterization. On six-qubit Clifford circuits, the largest regime for which optimal references are available, our agent finds circuits within one two-qubit gate of optimality in milliseconds per instance, and finds optimal circuits in 99.2% of instances within seconds per instance. After continued training on ten-qubit instances, the agent scales to unseen Clifford tableaus with up to thirty qubits, including targets generated from circuits with over a thousand Clifford gates, where it achieves lower average two-qubit gate counts than Qiskit's Aaronson-Gottesman and greedy Clifford synthesizers.
title Equivariant Reinforcement Learning for Clifford Quantum Circuit Synthesis
topic Quantum Physics
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.10910