FLAMINGO: The thermal history of the Universe from tSZ effect cross-correlations and its dependencies on cosmology and baryon physics
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2026
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| author | Salcido, Jaime Yang, Tianyi McCarthy, Ian G. Costello, Emily E. Conley, Jonah T. Elbers, Willem Frenk, Carlos S. Schaller, Matthieu Schaye, Joop Upadhye, Amol van Daalen, Marcel P. Vandenbroucke, Bert |
| author_facet | Salcido, Jaime Yang, Tianyi McCarthy, Ian G. Costello, Emily E. Conley, Jonah T. Elbers, Willem Frenk, Carlos S. Schaller, Matthieu Schaye, Joop Upadhye, Amol van Daalen, Marcel P. Vandenbroucke, Bert |
| contents | The cross-correlation between tracers of large-scale structure, such as galaxies or quasars, and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) signal yields a measure of the bias-weighted mean electron pressure, $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle$, where $b_\mathrm{h}$ is the halo bias and $P_\mathrm{e}$ is the electron pressure. With a model for the bias, one can derive the thermal history, $\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}z$, where $y$ is the Compton parameter and $z$ is redshift. We explore how these quantities depend on redshift, cosmology, and the physics of galaxy formation using the FLAMINGO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, which spans a range of cosmological parameters and baryonic feedback implementations in volumes of up to $(2.8\,\text{Gpc})^3$. We find that $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle$ depends steeply on $S_8 \equiv σ_8\sqrt{Ω_\mathrm{m}/0.3}$, with an effective scaling $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle \propto S_8^{ε(z)}$, where the exponent $ε(z) \approx 3$ over the redshift range $0.1 \leq z \leq 1$. Compared with existing cross-correlation measurements using tracer samples from SDSS, BOSS, eBOSS, DES, and DESI cross-correlated with tSZ measurements from Planck, we find that models with a low-$S_8$ cosmology and strong feedback are preferred, with a joint fit yielding $S_8 = 0.72^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$ and a normalised group-mass halo baryon fraction $f_b(10^{13}\,M_\odot, z=0.1)/(Ω_b/Ω_m) = 0.10^{+0.09}_{-0.05}$ . Contrary to most probes of feedback which sample smaller scales (e.g., X-ray measurements), we show that feedback boosts $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle$, thus providing a novel test of feedback models. Overall, our results show the thermal history provides a route to jointly constrain cosmological parameters and test models of galaxy formation. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11083 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | FLAMINGO: The thermal history of the Universe from tSZ effect cross-correlations and its dependencies on cosmology and baryon physics Salcido, Jaime Yang, Tianyi McCarthy, Ian G. Costello, Emily E. Conley, Jonah T. Elbers, Willem Frenk, Carlos S. Schaller, Matthieu Schaye, Joop Upadhye, Amol van Daalen, Marcel P. Vandenbroucke, Bert Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics The cross-correlation between tracers of large-scale structure, such as galaxies or quasars, and the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) signal yields a measure of the bias-weighted mean electron pressure, $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle$, where $b_\mathrm{h}$ is the halo bias and $P_\mathrm{e}$ is the electron pressure. With a model for the bias, one can derive the thermal history, $\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}z$, where $y$ is the Compton parameter and $z$ is redshift. We explore how these quantities depend on redshift, cosmology, and the physics of galaxy formation using the FLAMINGO suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, which spans a range of cosmological parameters and baryonic feedback implementations in volumes of up to $(2.8\,\text{Gpc})^3$. We find that $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle$ depends steeply on $S_8 \equiv σ_8\sqrt{Ω_\mathrm{m}/0.3}$, with an effective scaling $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle \propto S_8^{ε(z)}$, where the exponent $ε(z) \approx 3$ over the redshift range $0.1 \leq z \leq 1$. Compared with existing cross-correlation measurements using tracer samples from SDSS, BOSS, eBOSS, DES, and DESI cross-correlated with tSZ measurements from Planck, we find that models with a low-$S_8$ cosmology and strong feedback are preferred, with a joint fit yielding $S_8 = 0.72^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$ and a normalised group-mass halo baryon fraction $f_b(10^{13}\,M_\odot, z=0.1)/(Ω_b/Ω_m) = 0.10^{+0.09}_{-0.05}$ . Contrary to most probes of feedback which sample smaller scales (e.g., X-ray measurements), we show that feedback boosts $\langle b_\mathrm{h} P_\mathrm{e} \rangle$, thus providing a novel test of feedback models. Overall, our results show the thermal history provides a route to jointly constrain cosmological parameters and test models of galaxy formation. |
| title | FLAMINGO: The thermal history of the Universe from tSZ effect cross-correlations and its dependencies on cosmology and baryon physics |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11083 |