Distributed estimation of many-body Hamiltonians via punctured surface code

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Qiao, Linmu, Ouyang, Zhichun, Zhou, Sisi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Qiao, Linmu
Ouyang, Zhichun
Zhou, Sisi
author_facet Qiao, Linmu
Ouyang, Zhichun
Zhou, Sisi
contents We study how a punctured surface code can turn many local $Z$-type couplings into one protected logical signal for distributed quantum metrology, where the goal is to estimate a weighted average of the coupling strengths. We consider an ordinary planar patch with two $X$-cut holes and provide a distributed sensing protocol where all $Z$-type couplings correspond to the same nontrivial logical $\bar{Z}$ for the punctured surface code. When the couplings are disjoint, we show that the relevant global condition is equivalent to the existence of a closed dual loop, called a witness, that has an odd number of intersections with every chain. Together with a local clean opening condition, this witness criterion gives a concrete punctured-code construction in which all signal chains implement the same nontrivial logical $\bar Z$. For three-body interactions with overlapping supports, we also identify the class of interactions where our punctured surface code protocol applies. Overall, our results provide a novel, noise-robust distributed sensing protocol for many-body interactions, with corresponding topological design criteria.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11092
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Distributed estimation of many-body Hamiltonians via punctured surface code
Qiao, Linmu
Ouyang, Zhichun
Zhou, Sisi
Quantum Physics
We study how a punctured surface code can turn many local $Z$-type couplings into one protected logical signal for distributed quantum metrology, where the goal is to estimate a weighted average of the coupling strengths. We consider an ordinary planar patch with two $X$-cut holes and provide a distributed sensing protocol where all $Z$-type couplings correspond to the same nontrivial logical $\bar{Z}$ for the punctured surface code. When the couplings are disjoint, we show that the relevant global condition is equivalent to the existence of a closed dual loop, called a witness, that has an odd number of intersections with every chain. Together with a local clean opening condition, this witness criterion gives a concrete punctured-code construction in which all signal chains implement the same nontrivial logical $\bar Z$. For three-body interactions with overlapping supports, we also identify the class of interactions where our punctured surface code protocol applies. Overall, our results provide a novel, noise-robust distributed sensing protocol for many-body interactions, with corresponding topological design criteria.
title Distributed estimation of many-body Hamiltonians via punctured surface code
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11092