The Value of Information: A Puzzle

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Kadan, Ohad, Manela, Asaf
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Kadan, Ohad
Manela, Asaf
author_facet Kadan, Ohad
Manela, Asaf
contents We show that under mild assumptions, the total value of information to informed traders in the market can be measured by the covariance between price changes and order flow. This covariance captures noise trader losses, which equal informed trader gains when market making is competitive. We estimate the value of information using high frequency data on US equities at about $3.5 million per year for the average stock. The aggregate value of information is about 0.04% of market cap, which is considerably lower than the 0.67% in fees investors pay each year searching for superior returns (French 2008). We discuss potential resolutions for these puzzling findings.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11180
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Value of Information: A Puzzle
Kadan, Ohad
Manela, Asaf
General Finance
General Economics
Economics
Trading and Market Microstructure
We show that under mild assumptions, the total value of information to informed traders in the market can be measured by the covariance between price changes and order flow. This covariance captures noise trader losses, which equal informed trader gains when market making is competitive. We estimate the value of information using high frequency data on US equities at about $3.5 million per year for the average stock. The aggregate value of information is about 0.04% of market cap, which is considerably lower than the 0.67% in fees investors pay each year searching for superior returns (French 2008). We discuss potential resolutions for these puzzling findings.
title The Value of Information: A Puzzle
topic General Finance
General Economics
Economics
Trading and Market Microstructure
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11180