Symmetry Guided Band-Gap Opening via Periodic Topological Defects in Graphene

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Garzon, D. N., Cabrera-Loor, Leonel, Gliozzi, Jacopo, Fronzi, Marco, Stampfl, Catherine, Pinto, Henry P.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Garzon, D. N.
Cabrera-Loor, Leonel
Gliozzi, Jacopo
Fronzi, Marco
Stampfl, Catherine
Pinto, Henry P.
author_facet Garzon, D. N.
Cabrera-Loor, Leonel
Gliozzi, Jacopo
Fronzi, Marco
Stampfl, Catherine
Pinto, Henry P.
contents Graphene lacks an intrinsic band-gap, which limits its use in electronic applications. Here we demonstrate that periodic arrays of topological defects can open and control a band-gap in a predictable manner governed by defect spacing and lattice symmetry. Using first-principles density functional theory calculations supported by tight-binding models, we investigate graphene superlattices containing Stone-Wales and flower-like defects over a range of $N \times N$ periodicities, where $N$ determines the defect separation. We show that band-gap opening occurs only when translation symmetry is reduced in a specific way: for supercells with $N$ a multiple of three, Brillouin-zone folding brings the Dirac cones at $K$ and $K'$ to the same momentum in the reduced Brillouin zone. In particular, flower-like defect superlattices produce larger and tunable band-gaps, whose magnitude decreases systematically with increasing defect separation and approaches zero in the dilute-defect limit. These results establish a predictive framework for band-gap engineering in defect-patterned graphene and clarify the microscopic mechanism underlying gap formation in periodically reconstructed lattices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11183
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Symmetry Guided Band-Gap Opening via Periodic Topological Defects in Graphene
Garzon, D. N.
Cabrera-Loor, Leonel
Gliozzi, Jacopo
Fronzi, Marco
Stampfl, Catherine
Pinto, Henry P.
Materials Science
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Graphene lacks an intrinsic band-gap, which limits its use in electronic applications. Here we demonstrate that periodic arrays of topological defects can open and control a band-gap in a predictable manner governed by defect spacing and lattice symmetry. Using first-principles density functional theory calculations supported by tight-binding models, we investigate graphene superlattices containing Stone-Wales and flower-like defects over a range of $N \times N$ periodicities, where $N$ determines the defect separation. We show that band-gap opening occurs only when translation symmetry is reduced in a specific way: for supercells with $N$ a multiple of three, Brillouin-zone folding brings the Dirac cones at $K$ and $K'$ to the same momentum in the reduced Brillouin zone. In particular, flower-like defect superlattices produce larger and tunable band-gaps, whose magnitude decreases systematically with increasing defect separation and approaches zero in the dilute-defect limit. These results establish a predictive framework for band-gap engineering in defect-patterned graphene and clarify the microscopic mechanism underlying gap formation in periodically reconstructed lattices.
title Symmetry Guided Band-Gap Opening via Periodic Topological Defects in Graphene
topic Materials Science
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11183