Giant critical response in a driven-dissipative quantum gas
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918494970314752 |
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| author | Schofield, Ross C. Lim, Daniel Dhar, Himadri S. Nyman, Robert A. Verma, Akshay K. Clarke, Edmund Heffernan, Jon Mintert, Florian Oulton, Rupert F. |
| author_facet | Schofield, Ross C. Lim, Daniel Dhar, Himadri S. Nyman, Robert A. Verma, Akshay K. Clarke, Edmund Heffernan, Jon Mintert, Florian Oulton, Rupert F. |
| contents | Systems close to a phase transition turn weak perturbations into large responses. At equilibrium, this amplification is closely linked to criticality: fluctuations grow, dynamics slow, and a common soft mode controls the response. Whether this correspondence survives in driven-dissipative quantum systems, sustained by continuous pumping and loss away from thermal equilibrium, remains an open question. Here we show experimentally that it does. In a room-temperature semiconductor photon Bose-Einstein condensate, the critical slowing of spontaneous intensity fluctuations and the amplification of weak pump perturbations are measured independently. Both peak at the same condensate population, $\bar{n}_c = 1250$, where the dimensionless slowing factor and susceptibility reach the same value, $\bar{n}_c/2 = 625$. A single weakly damped collective photon-reservoir mode governs both effects. This fluctuation-response correspondence in a finite open quantum gas establishes critical susceptibility as a measurable dynamical signature of condensation, with peak gain set by system size. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11230 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Giant critical response in a driven-dissipative quantum gas Schofield, Ross C. Lim, Daniel Dhar, Himadri S. Nyman, Robert A. Verma, Akshay K. Clarke, Edmund Heffernan, Jon Mintert, Florian Oulton, Rupert F. Quantum Gases Optics Quantum Physics Systems close to a phase transition turn weak perturbations into large responses. At equilibrium, this amplification is closely linked to criticality: fluctuations grow, dynamics slow, and a common soft mode controls the response. Whether this correspondence survives in driven-dissipative quantum systems, sustained by continuous pumping and loss away from thermal equilibrium, remains an open question. Here we show experimentally that it does. In a room-temperature semiconductor photon Bose-Einstein condensate, the critical slowing of spontaneous intensity fluctuations and the amplification of weak pump perturbations are measured independently. Both peak at the same condensate population, $\bar{n}_c = 1250$, where the dimensionless slowing factor and susceptibility reach the same value, $\bar{n}_c/2 = 625$. A single weakly damped collective photon-reservoir mode governs both effects. This fluctuation-response correspondence in a finite open quantum gas establishes critical susceptibility as a measurable dynamical signature of condensation, with peak gain set by system size. |
| title | Giant critical response in a driven-dissipative quantum gas |
| topic | Quantum Gases Optics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11230 |