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Main Authors: Darban, Meysam Sohani, Pour, Fariborz Lohiri, Ha, Dong S., Walling, Jeffrey S.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11261
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author Darban, Meysam Sohani
Pour, Fariborz Lohiri
Ha, Dong S.
Walling, Jeffrey S.
author_facet Darban, Meysam Sohani
Pour, Fariborz Lohiri
Ha, Dong S.
Walling, Jeffrey S.
contents This paper presents a compact, low-power, direct RF multi-phase-shift keying (PSK) transmitter (TX) that eliminates the need for a phase-locked loop (PLL) by performing phase modulation directly within a ring oscillator. The proposed architecture exploits synchronized charge extraction at the oscillator's transition points to induce controlled phase shifts while maintaining constant amplitude and frequency. A time-domain multi-triggering technique is introduced to enable reconfigurable multi-mode modulation, supporting 16-PSK, 8-PSK, QPSK, and BPSK within a unified hardware structure. The TX circuit is fabricated in a 22-nm FD-SOI process and operates in the ISM band at 2.4 GHz. Measurement results indicate a symbol rate of 2 MSps with a maximum error vector magnitude (EVM) of 5.13% rms. The core TX occupies 23 {\times} 17.6 μm2 and consumes 236 μW, excluding the output driver, which delivers -10 dBm output power over a 60 MHz bandwidth. The proposed design achieves a favorable trade-off between power consumption, circuit complexity, and modulation flexibility, making it well-suited for low-power wireless applications.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11261
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle 236 μW Direct-RF PLL-Free Multi-PSK Transmitter Using Oscillator-Based Phase Synthesis
Darban, Meysam Sohani
Pour, Fariborz Lohiri
Ha, Dong S.
Walling, Jeffrey S.
Systems and Control
This paper presents a compact, low-power, direct RF multi-phase-shift keying (PSK) transmitter (TX) that eliminates the need for a phase-locked loop (PLL) by performing phase modulation directly within a ring oscillator. The proposed architecture exploits synchronized charge extraction at the oscillator's transition points to induce controlled phase shifts while maintaining constant amplitude and frequency. A time-domain multi-triggering technique is introduced to enable reconfigurable multi-mode modulation, supporting 16-PSK, 8-PSK, QPSK, and BPSK within a unified hardware structure. The TX circuit is fabricated in a 22-nm FD-SOI process and operates in the ISM band at 2.4 GHz. Measurement results indicate a symbol rate of 2 MSps with a maximum error vector magnitude (EVM) of 5.13% rms. The core TX occupies 23 {\times} 17.6 μm2 and consumes 236 μW, excluding the output driver, which delivers -10 dBm output power over a 60 MHz bandwidth. The proposed design achieves a favorable trade-off between power consumption, circuit complexity, and modulation flexibility, making it well-suited for low-power wireless applications.
title 236 μW Direct-RF PLL-Free Multi-PSK Transmitter Using Oscillator-Based Phase Synthesis
topic Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11261