Journalists, media and influencers: An analysis of the conversation in the digital public sphere during the Qatar 2022 World Cup

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peña-Fernández, Simón, Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara, Morales-i-Gras, Jordi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866916003393306624
author Peña-Fernández, Simón
Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara
Morales-i-Gras, Jordi
author_facet Peña-Fernández, Simón
Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara
Morales-i-Gras, Jordi
contents Public digital conversation around major sporting events takes place within a hybrid system in which journalists and the media compete with new intermediaries, including influencers, to gain greater visibility and engage with audiences. This study analyses the Qatar 2022 World Cup as a case of high informational intensity and public opinion monitoring. To that end, social network analysis was applied to X/Twitter using the hashtag #Qatar2022, analysing 1,343 high-engagement accounts, including those of journalists, media and influencers, alongside a random sample of 5,000 users. The findings indicate that journalists are under-represented in the user population as a whole, but significantly over-represented among the highest-engagement accounts, and they maintain stable visibility. The media, by contrast, attract a lower average level of attention and tend to achieve only sporadic peaks of impact. Accordingly, journalistic authority on social media is observed less as dominance in terms of participation volume and more as the capacity to occupy reference positions when public attention is being shaped during the event.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11331
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Journalists, media and influencers: An analysis of the conversation in the digital public sphere during the Qatar 2022 World Cup
Peña-Fernández, Simón
Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara
Morales-i-Gras, Jordi
Social and Information Networks
Public digital conversation around major sporting events takes place within a hybrid system in which journalists and the media compete with new intermediaries, including influencers, to gain greater visibility and engage with audiences. This study analyses the Qatar 2022 World Cup as a case of high informational intensity and public opinion monitoring. To that end, social network analysis was applied to X/Twitter using the hashtag #Qatar2022, analysing 1,343 high-engagement accounts, including those of journalists, media and influencers, alongside a random sample of 5,000 users. The findings indicate that journalists are under-represented in the user population as a whole, but significantly over-represented among the highest-engagement accounts, and they maintain stable visibility. The media, by contrast, attract a lower average level of attention and tend to achieve only sporadic peaks of impact. Accordingly, journalistic authority on social media is observed less as dominance in terms of participation volume and more as the capacity to occupy reference positions when public attention is being shaped during the event.
title Journalists, media and influencers: An analysis of the conversation in the digital public sphere during the Qatar 2022 World Cup
topic Social and Information Networks
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11331