Native Explainability for Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Networks: A Framework for Trusted Brain-Like AI
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917483831623680 |
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| author | Makridis, Georgios Fatouros, Georgios Soldatos, John Katsis, George Kyriazis, Dimosthenis |
| author_facet | Makridis, Georgios Fatouros, Georgios Soldatos, John Katsis, George Kyriazis, Dimosthenis |
| contents | The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation 2024/1689), fully applicable to high-risk systems from August 2026, creates urgent demand for AI architectures that are simultaneously trustworthy, transparent, and feasible to deploy on resource-constrained edge devices. Brain-like neural networks built on the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) formalism have re-emerged as a credible alternative to backpropagation-driven deep learning. They deliver state-of-the-art unsupervised representation learning, neuromorphic-friendly sparsity, and existing FPGA implementations that target edge deployment. Despite this momentum, no systematic framework exists for explaining BCPNN decisions -- a gap the present paper fills. We argue that BCPNN is, in the sense of Rudin's interpretable-by-design agenda, an inherently transparent model whose architectural primitives map directly onto established explainable-AI (XAI) families. We make four contributions. First, we propose the first XAI taxonomy for BCPNN. It maps weights, biases, hypercolumn posteriors, structural-plasticity usage scores, attractor dynamics, and input-reconstruction populations onto attribution, prototype, concept, counterfactual, and mechanistic explanation modalities. Second, we introduce sixteen architecture-level explanation primitives (P1--P16), several without analogue in standard ANNs. We provide closed-form algorithms for computing each from quantities the model already maintains. Third, we introduce five design-time Configuration-as-Explanation primitives (Config-P1 to Config-P5) that treat BCPNN hyperparameter choices as an auditable pre-deployment explanation artifact. Fourth, we sketch a roadmap for integration into industrial IoT deployments and discuss EU AI Act alignment, edge feasibility, and Industry 5.0 implications. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11595 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Native Explainability for Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Networks: A Framework for Trusted Brain-Like AI Makridis, Georgios Fatouros, Georgios Soldatos, John Katsis, George Kyriazis, Dimosthenis Artificial Intelligence The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (Regulation 2024/1689), fully applicable to high-risk systems from August 2026, creates urgent demand for AI architectures that are simultaneously trustworthy, transparent, and feasible to deploy on resource-constrained edge devices. Brain-like neural networks built on the Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) formalism have re-emerged as a credible alternative to backpropagation-driven deep learning. They deliver state-of-the-art unsupervised representation learning, neuromorphic-friendly sparsity, and existing FPGA implementations that target edge deployment. Despite this momentum, no systematic framework exists for explaining BCPNN decisions -- a gap the present paper fills. We argue that BCPNN is, in the sense of Rudin's interpretable-by-design agenda, an inherently transparent model whose architectural primitives map directly onto established explainable-AI (XAI) families. We make four contributions. First, we propose the first XAI taxonomy for BCPNN. It maps weights, biases, hypercolumn posteriors, structural-plasticity usage scores, attractor dynamics, and input-reconstruction populations onto attribution, prototype, concept, counterfactual, and mechanistic explanation modalities. Second, we introduce sixteen architecture-level explanation primitives (P1--P16), several without analogue in standard ANNs. We provide closed-form algorithms for computing each from quantities the model already maintains. Third, we introduce five design-time Configuration-as-Explanation primitives (Config-P1 to Config-P5) that treat BCPNN hyperparameter choices as an auditable pre-deployment explanation artifact. Fourth, we sketch a roadmap for integration into industrial IoT deployments and discuss EU AI Act alignment, edge feasibility, and Industry 5.0 implications. |
| title | Native Explainability for Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Networks: A Framework for Trusted Brain-Like AI |
| topic | Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11595 |