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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11604 |
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| _version_ | 1866911673134088192 |
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| author | Chen, Weiqiang He, Qiyao Gong, Kai |
| author_facet | Chen, Weiqiang He, Qiyao Gong, Kai |
| contents | Cementitious materials are widely used for hazardous-waste encapsulation, yet the molecular mechanisms governing heavy-metal ion retention across different gel chemistries remain insufficiently resolved. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption-controlled mobility of representative heavy-metal ions (Pb2+, Ba2+, and Cs+) within nanopores of C-S-H, C-(N)-A-S-H, and N-A-S-H gels. By combining pore-averaged diffusivity, spatially resolved diffusivity and residence-time analysis, ion-density profiles, two-dimensional adsorption maps, radial distribution functions, coordination analysis, and interfacial binding-strength descriptors, this study establishes a comparative atomistic framework linking gel surface chemistry to ion mobility suppression under nanoconfinement. Ion mobility is substantially reduced in all gel nanopores relative to bulk solutions, but the extent and mechanism of suppression vary strongly with gel chemistry. C-(N)-A-S-H with higher Al/Si ratios exhibits the strongest retention, driven by ion accumulation around Al-linked oxygen species via an ion-exchange-like mechanism with charge-balancing Na+. C-S-H immobilizes ions primarily through surface hydroxyl oxygens and Ca-mediated linkages, whereas N-A-S-H exhibits more distributed binding environments. Pb2+ and Ba2+ exhibit broadly similar immobilization mechanisms, whereas Cs+ shows more distinct, gel-dependent interactions with silicate and aluminosilicate oxygen sites. A relative total binding strength (rTBS) descriptor is introduced, showing a strong positive correlation with the extent of ion immobilization across gel types, ion species, and pore sizes examined. These results clarify gel-specific and ion-specific mechanisms controlling heavy-metal retention in idealized cementitious nanopores. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2605_11604 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Gel-Chemistry-Dependent Heavy-Metal Ion Transport and Immobilization in Cementitious Nanopores: A Molecular Dynamics Study Chen, Weiqiang He, Qiyao Gong, Kai Chemical Physics Materials Science Computational Physics Cementitious materials are widely used for hazardous-waste encapsulation, yet the molecular mechanisms governing heavy-metal ion retention across different gel chemistries remain insufficiently resolved. Here, classical molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption-controlled mobility of representative heavy-metal ions (Pb2+, Ba2+, and Cs+) within nanopores of C-S-H, C-(N)-A-S-H, and N-A-S-H gels. By combining pore-averaged diffusivity, spatially resolved diffusivity and residence-time analysis, ion-density profiles, two-dimensional adsorption maps, radial distribution functions, coordination analysis, and interfacial binding-strength descriptors, this study establishes a comparative atomistic framework linking gel surface chemistry to ion mobility suppression under nanoconfinement. Ion mobility is substantially reduced in all gel nanopores relative to bulk solutions, but the extent and mechanism of suppression vary strongly with gel chemistry. C-(N)-A-S-H with higher Al/Si ratios exhibits the strongest retention, driven by ion accumulation around Al-linked oxygen species via an ion-exchange-like mechanism with charge-balancing Na+. C-S-H immobilizes ions primarily through surface hydroxyl oxygens and Ca-mediated linkages, whereas N-A-S-H exhibits more distributed binding environments. Pb2+ and Ba2+ exhibit broadly similar immobilization mechanisms, whereas Cs+ shows more distinct, gel-dependent interactions with silicate and aluminosilicate oxygen sites. A relative total binding strength (rTBS) descriptor is introduced, showing a strong positive correlation with the extent of ion immobilization across gel types, ion species, and pore sizes examined. These results clarify gel-specific and ion-specific mechanisms controlling heavy-metal retention in idealized cementitious nanopores. |
| title | Gel-Chemistry-Dependent Heavy-Metal Ion Transport and Immobilization in Cementitious Nanopores: A Molecular Dynamics Study |
| topic | Chemical Physics Materials Science Computational Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.11604 |